Yamanokami Regional 23 Niigata

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and Legends from Niigata 新潟県

. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.


山の神まつり Yamanokami Festival
角田山の中腹 half-way to Mount Kakudayama
Children have to crawl below the small torii 鳥居 gate to pray for health and well-being.
March 9.

. Yama no Kami matsuri 山の神祭り Yamanokami festivals .
at 東蒲原郡 Higashikanbara 鹿瀬町 Kanose / 東蒲原郡 Higashikanbara 津川町 Tsugawa / 糸魚川市 Itoigawa city
岩船郡 Iwafune district 朝日村 Asahi / 刈羽郡 Kariwa district 小国町 Oguni / 南蒲原郡 Minamikanbara 下田村 Shitada
三島郡 Mishima district 三島町 Mishima / 中頚城郡 Nakakubiki district 清里村 Kiyosato
佐渡郡 Sado district 相川町 Aikawa

. Yamanokami Festival at 白根市 Shirone town .
On the 16th day of the second and tenth month a Tanokami Matsuri 田の神まつり festival for Tanokami and Yamanokami is held at the farm houses.


. Yamanokami and 鬼神 Kijin，山の地神 Yama no Chijin .

. Yamanokami and Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .

. Yamanokami and Jūni sama 十二様 Juni Sama "Honorable 12" deities .
juunikko ジュウニッコウ（十二講) Junikko prayer groups
中魚沼郡 Naka-Uonuma district 川西町 Kawanishi / 長岡市 Nagaoka 成願寺町 Joganji


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In most regions of Niigata,
the day of Yamanokami is 旧2月9日 the 9th day of the 2nd lunar month.
On this day Yamanokami is shooting arrows or kidnapping humans,
so it is not allowed to go into the mountain forests.


.......................................................................　東蒲原郡 Higashi-Kanbara district .....
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阿賀町 Aga city // 上川村 Kamikawamura village

山の神
A husband went to the mountain to 炭焼き make charcoal, but dit not come back. When she went looking for him, she saw another woman sitting close, watching over him.
When the wife called her, the woman disappeared and her husband fell down into the deep ravine.
Yamanokami is a woman and often guards and watches over forest workers.

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三川村 Mikawamura village

. juuroku dango 十六団子 dumpling offerings for day 16 .

The same ritual is held at
岩船郡 Iwafune district 朝日村 Asahimura village





.......................................................................　北蒲原郡 Kita-Kanbara district .....
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紫雲寺町 Shiunjimachi

. koosaku no kamisama 耕作の神様 Kosaku no Kami, Deity of Cultivation .




.......................................................................　古志郡 Koshi district .....

山の神
Yamanokami is a woman with a rather wild character. She has only one eye and one leg.
Place names with 12 often refere to 12 places or trees sacred to Yamanokami.
There is a boulder with one footprint and one imprint of a walking stick,
Yamanokami no ashiato 山の神の足跡石.




.......................................................................　南魚沼郡 Minami-Uonuma district .....
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六日町 Muikamachi town

. 社日様 Shajitsu Sama，田の神様 Tanokami Sama，作神様 Sakugami Sama .




.......................................................................　西蒲原郡 Nishi-Kanbara district .....
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弥彦村 Yahiko village / Yabiko village

shii no ki 椎の木 Shii oak, pasania tree
The Kami of 弥彦山 Yahiko-Yama (Yahikosan) came to the area first in the year 710.
At that time he put his a 杖 walking stick of a piercing branch of 椎の木 a Shii oak tree in the ground and it became 神木 the sacred tree of Yamanokami.
If there was something bad happening in the land, the priest could perform a divination. He took leaves and branches to make arrows to win any war.

. Hikosan　英彦山 / 弥彦山 Hikosan Shrines in Japan .
In Niigata also お弥彦様 O-Yahiko Sama
- 8 legends to explore about 弥彦山.

. shii 椎 Shii oak tree, pasania; chinquapin .




.......................................................................　西頚城郡 Nishi-Kubiki district .....
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能生町 Noo machi

. hebi 蛇と伝説 Legends about snakes and serpents .
The Deity of 天狗山 Mount Tenguyama (493 m) is the serpent, therefore people are not allowed to kill serpents.



.......................................................................　両津市 Ryotsu shi town .....

山の神
Once a man went to the mountain on the 9th day of the 2nd lunar month, but he died.



.......................................................................　佐渡郡 Sado district .....

. Yamanokami and Oni 鬼 demons .
at Kinpokusan 金北山の神 Mount Kinpokusan

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. Tonchibo トンチボ, Tonchiboo トンチボウ Tanuki from Sado .
Tonchibo is also a local name for the Deity of the Mountain Forest, Yama no Kami 山の神, and thus a taboo word for the local fisherman.

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赤泊村 Akadomarimura village

山の神
On the 9th day of the 2nd lunar month forest workers take a rest and stay in a place where they can eat and drink and celebrate Yamanokami.
Women are not allowed to be with them, since the female Yamanokami is very jealous and might shoot them with her arrows.
Once a stepmother made her step-daughter go to the forest on this day in the hope she would never come back.
But the step-daughter came back saying she enjoyed watching the men drinking. So the stepmother made her own daughter also go to the forest, but this poor child was shot with an arrow and died.
.
If someone gets ill in the village, they say it is the curse of Yamanokami.

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小木町 Ogimachi town

Yamanokami no tatari 山の神の祟り the curse of Yamanokami
On the 9th day of the 2nd lunar month a man named 三吉 Sankichi went to work in the mountain very early.
He heard a voice calling him and turned around. At that point, an arrow hit his eye.



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栃尾市 Tochio city

Yamanokami no ki kiri 山ノ神ノ木キリ Yamanokami cuts a tree
On a rainy evening the forest workers stayed in the mountain hut over night.
The villagers heard the strange sound of someone cutting down a huge tree. When they checked next morning, not one tree was fallen down.
It must have been Yamanokami cutting trees.


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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -


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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.


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. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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- #yamanokami #godofthemountains #tanokami #niigata #sado -
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Yamanokami Regional 22 Nagasaki Nara

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and Legends from Nagasaki 長崎県 and Nara 奈良県

. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.


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.......................................................................　Nagasaki 長崎県 .....

Yamanokami Jinja 山の神神社 Shrines in Nagasaki prefecture


- source and more photos : misakimichi -
長崎市現川町 - Utsutsukawamachi/ Utsutsugawa machi



かき道　1 Chome-18 Kakido, Nagasaki city

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 and Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .
tengubayashi 天狗ばやし a group of Tengu with festival instruments and
"Yama no Kami is dancing!"


. ashinaga 足半(あしなか) small straw sandals .
If Yamanokami is passing, people put their small straw sandals on the head and wait. Since they are dirty, Yamanokami will pass without doing any harm.

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shikagari 鹿狩り hunting for deer
The messenger of Yamanokami is the deer.
The path where deer walk is also the path where Yamanokami walks.
Some deer hunters say they have seen a deer with a gohei 御幣 ritual wand on its back on the path.
Maybe Yamanokami has been riding this deer ?

. Animal messengers of Yamanokami .


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西海市 Saikai city 西彼町 Seihi town

The 16th day of the 11th and first lunar month are days of Yamanokami.
On the 16th day of the first month and on O-Bon rituals, 地獄の蓋が開く the lid of hell is opened, so people do not go to the mountain.
Do not use sharp things to cut on this day. If someone gets a wound on this day, it will not heal well.
Once a man went to the forest to get bamboo, but he did not come back. When the villagers looked for him, they heard a voice saying
"I will not let him go back"!

. The lid of hell 地獄の蓋 .





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.......................................................................　Nara 奈良県 .....


山ノ神遺跡 Yamanokami Iseki 磐座 iwakura boulder
21-1 Miwa, Sakurai, Nara



山ノ神大明神 Yamanokami Daimyojin Shrine
Dorogawa, Tenkawa, Yoshino District, Nara


.......................................................................　Nara 奈良県 .....

In Nara and 和歌山県 Wakayama
Yamanokami is seen as a woman, sometimes jealous of a human wife.
If someone has lost something, he goes to the forest and shows dankon 男根 a penis, then Yamanokami will help to find it.

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磯城郡 Shiki district

. kitsune no yome-iri　狐の嫁入り "the fox taking a bride" .
- a spell of sunshine during a rainy period -
Every year on the third day of the New Year there is "kitsune no yome-iri of Yamanokami.
Looking down from 天神山 Mount Tenjinyama, if there are many fox lanterns, it will be a good harvest.
If the fox lanterns are few, it will be a bad harvest.


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山辺郡 Yamabe district 山添村 Yamazoe village 中峰山 Chumuzan hamlet

. Tengu, sugi 天狗と杉と伝説 Legends about Tengu and Cedar trees .
- Jinyaji 神野寺 Temple Jinya-Ji
- - - - -
ushi 牛 bull
Once a wandering monk stayed at the Shrine 神波多神社 Kanhata Jinja, where the deity 牛頭天王 Gozu Tennō is revered.
Next morning he painted a bull on the wall and left. This bull jumped of the wall and begun to eat the rice in the fields and damage them.
The villagers came after the monk and found him in 伊賀上野 Iga Ueno. He painted a 松の木 pine tree and a rope on paper and gave it to them.
This monk must have been 狩野法眼元信 Kano Hogen, they say.

. Kano Motonobu 狩野元信 Kanō Motonobu, Kano Hogen (1476―1559）.
A famous painter.

. Gozu Tennō Densetsu　牛頭天王　伝説 Legends about Gozu Tenno .

. ushi 牛と伝説 Legends about ox, bull, cow . . .


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吉野郡 Yoshino district 天川村 Tenkawa village

Some villagers see the Tengu as Yamanokami and call him グヒンサン Guhin san.
Others call him おこんぜ Okonze, O-Konze.

. guhin kuhin gubin 狗賓 / 狗嬪 / グヒン Guhin Tengu Yokai monster .

. Yamanokami and okoze 虎魚 / 鰧魚 / オコゼ / ヲコゼ stonefish .


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吉野郡 Yoshino district 十津川村　下北山村　野近川村　川上村 Totsukawa region ...

nodohikari ノドヒカリ / 咽喉光り/ 蛇 serpent
In this area there is a serpent called "nodohikari" "shining throat".
It is the messenger of Yamanokami and Suishin 水神, God of Water.
If someone kills this serpent, there will be divine punishment.
The older a serpent gets, the more tricks it can play on humans.

Other local names for nodohikari:
上湯川ではシバハジキ、松柱ではクソグチナワ、今西・小山手はニシキヒビ。上葛川・田戸・旭・玉置川はノドヒカリ。

. hebi 蛇と伝説 Legends about snakes and serpents .

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吉野郡 Yoshino district 上北山村 Kami-Kitayama village

oni 鬼 demon / Yamanokami 山の神
A fisherman named 六兵衛 Rokubei came to get some material for a new net. At night to came to the cave 大蛇嵓 Daijagura and lit a fire. There came a woman of about 40 years, ate rice with him and drunk his sake 酒 rice wine. They met there regularly until a 天地鳴動 loud sound from heaven and earth was heard and Rokubei lost conciousness.
When he came back to his senses, there was the woman and an old man with white hair.
The woman turned out to be the local Oni and the old man the Yamanokami of Odaigahara.



. Odaigahara 大台ケ原 .
and Ametsuchi 天地 Tenchi - Heaven and Earth

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::




- - - - - . Join the Updates of Facebook ! . - - - - -


. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #yamanokami #godofthemountains #tanokami #nagasaki #nara -
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Yamanokami Regional 21 Nagano

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and Legends from Nagano 長野県

. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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山の海神(ワタツミ) Yama no Wadatsumi
長野県上高地【明神池】Nagano, Kamikochi - Myojin-Ike pond

. Azumi no Isora 阿曇磯良 .
The deity from Hakata / Fukuoka is also venerated in the mountains of Nagano !

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Yamanokami Onsen 山の神温泉 Hot Spring Yamanokami
3 Chome-23-50 Hakoshimizu, Nagano / 長野県長野市箱清水3-23-50

- Homepage of Yamanokami Onsen Nagano -


. Yamanokami Onsen in Japan 山の神温泉 .
岩手県花巻市 Iwate, Hanamaki town


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. shinboku 神木, shinju　神樹　sacred tree, divine tree .
kami no ki, kaminoki 　神の木、神ノ木 tree of the deity, tree of God

moriki 杜樹 tree of a shrine
On the pass of 吉田山 Mount Yoshidayama is a shrine for Yamanokami. Once they cut down the trees to build a 公会堂 public hall for the village.
Very soon after there was a typhus epidemy and many villagers died.
This was the curse of Yamanokami, so they held special rituals to appease the deity.
- - - - -
In the forest is an 稲荷 Inari shrine. The owner of the land had sold it all and the trees were cut. The wood was used to 蚕室 make a room to raise silk worms. But this did not go well and the man went bancrupt. The man who bought it after that had his home burned down by wildfire.
This was all the curse of Yamanokami.
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In 1906 Jisha Goshirei 神社合祀令 many Shrines were relocated or unified by government orders.
Many large trees in a Shrine compound were cut down, but then the only son of a man involved in this order died.
Many people begun to protest against these orders.

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Yamanokami gets offerings of just one 藁草履 straw sandal. They say he is lame.

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. okoze 虎魚 / 鰧魚 / オコゼ / ヲコゼ stonefish .
okojo オコジョ dried Okoze, in some local dialects
Not to mix with



okojo オコジョ stoat, Mustela erminea, short-tailed weasel
Okojo is 山の神の使い the messenger of Yamanokami. It lives near water and does not mind the presence of humans, but disliked dogs.
As a Messenger of the deity it is not hunted.

okojosama オコジョサマ Okojo sama
In 諏訪地方 the area of Suwa, if people see a weasel while on their way to the forest, this will bring bad luck and they go back home for this day.
Once a hunter went up to 釜無山 Kamanashiyama, saw a weasel on the way but ignored it. Further on he was assaulted by a huge bear.


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茅野市 Chino city

shinbatsu 神罰 divine punishment
On the 15th day of the sixth lunar month in 1628 about 7 pilgrims went from 諏訪高島 Suwa Takashima to climb 立科 / 蓼科 Mount Tateshina.
Amont them was an arrogant type who wanted to take 神鳥 a sacred bird with him. When they were on the way back he suddenly lost his senses. He said he was a messenger of Yamanokami, pulled out a large sword and begun to cut the air. After that the man spit blood and died. Others said the bird in his breast pocket took of to the mountain and he came back to life.

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東筑摩郡 Higashi-Chikuma district 四賀村 Shiga mura village
北安曇野郡 Kita-Azumino district 小谷村 / おたり Otari

. Yama no Kami 山の神 and Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .


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飯田市 Iida city

Itodayama no kami no tatari 糸田山の神の祟り curse from the Kami of Mount Itodayama
Once upon a time, a baby sitter and a baby from 此田 Konota got lost. After that, even to our day, sometimes the crying of a baby can be heard. This is the voice of the Kami from Itodayama.
The owner of the mountain forest built a small shrine to appease this Yamanokami, but the forest became bachi-yama バチ山, a "cursed forest".
- - - - -
hizettai Yamanokami 非絶対山の神
In 南和田 Minami-Wada there are two Yamanokami.
One was called zettai Yamanokami 絶対山の神 "the real, absolute Yamanokami", the deity 大山祇命 Oyamazumi no Mikoto.
The other was called
hizettai Yamanokami 非絶対山の神 "the non-ablsolute Yamanokami". Some say this was the disciple of Oyamazumi no Mikoto, a man who had hanged himself in the forest.
In the local dialect he was also called shiryoobe 死霊ベェ Shiryobe, a Ghost.
- - - - -
nusubito kamisama 盗人神様 Yamanokami hiding a thief
Once a thief broke into a home. When they got after him, he fled to the forest and they lost sight of him near the shrine for Yamanokami.
So the villagers wondered if Yamanokami had hid the thief . . . and called him Yamanokami hiding a thief.

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Itokutakusan no kami イトク沢山の神 / イトクタクサンノカミ
There is a small stone monument for this Yamanokami. If people behave badly around here, they will become ill or face other disasters.
Once
a child came with a baby on its back to いとく沢山の神 Itokuzawa Yamanokami and wanted to fetch water. But it got lost and never came back.
It mus have been the curse of Yamanokami.
- - - - -
inu 犬 dog / daija 大蛇 huge serpent
A hunter went deep into the forest with his dog. When he rested under a rock he became tired, but his dog was howling noisily so he cut off its head with a hatchet. The head of this dog took off in flight to the top of the rock. When he stopped there, a huge serpent came and ate it.
Now the hunter knew that his dog was indeed Yamanokami, who had saved his life.
- - - - -
Some say they have seen Yamanokami with a haori 羽織 coat walking around the mountains.
Others say they saw him at Akaishi, but it was a woman.


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松本市 Matsumoto city

. Daidarabotchi (ダイダラボッチ, literally "Giant") .
Tiirabotcha デーラボッチャ in local dialect.

- - - - -
. kitsune キツネ / 狐と伝説 fox legends .
A fox can bewitch persons. The person becomes delirious and begins to eat all kind of strange things. To cure him, a scroll with the figure of Yamanokami must be ut around his body.
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zen o kashite kureru jinja 膳を貸してくれる神社 a Shrine to borrow trays
Kashiwagi Jinja 柏木神社 Shrine is just below the Yamanokami memorial stone.
If people come here who do not have enough food trays for a wedding invitation, they make a special wish and the trays will be delivered on the memorial stone.
"We need xx food trays. Please lend them to us!"

. Zenwanbuchi 膳椀淵 "river pool for trays and bowls". .
where poeple come to ask for trays and bowls at a wedding.

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南佐久郡 Minamisaku, Minami-Saku district

In this village it is taboo to go into the mountain on the last day of the year.
If someone goes anyway, he hears a voice calling
「ミソカヨー」...「ミソカヨーイ」 "It's the last day, the last day of the year...".
If the villager turns his head to see who is calling, he will not be able to bend it back.
They say this is the doing of Yamanokami or 鬼 an Oni demon.

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Minamisaku, Minami-Saku district 川上村 Kawakami

mujina 狢 badger
Once the villagers smoked out a badger, but 山の神様の木 the sacred tree of Yamanokami caught fire and fell down.


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Minamisaku, Minami-Saku district 小海町 Koume

Yauemon Yashiki 弥右衛門屋敷 estate of Yauemon
The estate of Yauemon was in the west of the village, now it is just fields.
Once upon a time, Yauemon was late in planting the fields and one night Yamanokami from the mountain behind his house came down and planted all.
Next morning Yauemon followed the muddy trail of horse hooves and found they went up to the mounain, stopping at the small sanctuary for Yamanokami.


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長野市 Nagano city

. yamori ヤモリ / 守宮 / 野守 (nomori) Japanese gecko .
and 大蛇
In a hamlet of the village 松代 Matsudai there was a man proud of his physical strength. In 水無月 June he went into the mountains with his friends. There a huge serpent came out. He put his fingers in its mouth and wanted to stretch it wide open, but cuold not. So he used a sickle to cut through its mouth and throat. He cut up the biggest piece and took it home.
His parents said this serpent must have been Yamanokami and he could be cursed, so they threw him out of the home.
The smell of the serpent stuck to his body, but when the doctor gave him some medicine, it vanished.
The doctor told him that this was not a serpent, but a Japanese gecko.
The man was later caught stealing wood from a shrine and sentenced to death. People say this was the curse of the Yamori.

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下伊那郡 Shimo-Ina district 阿智村 Achi

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake legends .
A farmer went to 丸山の森 the forest of Maruyama to cut underbrush. Suddenly he became very tired and fell asleep. When he woke up, he saw a huge serpent trying to fold around him. He took the sickle by his side and tried to cut the serpent, but it disappeared very quickly.
The sickle is now venerated in a sanctuary for Yamanokami.


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下伊那郡 Shimo-Ina district 辰野町 Tatsuno

. kitooshi, kitōshi 祈祷師と伝説 Kitoshi, Legends about Shamans .
Yamanokami is also called 祈とう師 "Kitoshi" . People pray to him to get rid of a curse or mysterious problem.


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下伊那郡 Shimo-Ina district 天龍村 Tenryu village

ganto sama, gantosama 願戸様 Ganto Deity
At the crossing of the roads to 飯島道 Iijima and 牧金道 Makigane there is a Yamanokami called Ganto Sama.
This dates back to the Edo period when a traveller had died here and this is in his memory.

- - - - - - - -

. yama-inu, yamainu　山犬、豺 "mountain dog" legends .
ookami 狼 Okami, wolf legends

mutsu Jizoo 六ツ地蔵 six Jizo (roku Jizo)
At the border between Nagano and Aichi there is a ritual mound named "Mutsu Jizo".
It is not very old. Once during a great rain, there were the bones of xis people coming flooding down the mountain and the memorial is in their honor.
There were actually seven zato 座頭 blind people walking that day and one had grabbed the tail of a yama-inu 山犬 wolf who brought him to 三河の富山村漆島 Mikawa, Tomiyama village.
The wolf is venerated as the messenger of Yamanokami in this region.
Roku Jizō, Roku Jizoo 六地蔵 Roku Jizo, Six Jizo Statues

- - - - -
The tales relate to 村松家 the Muramatsu family, which developed the land.
They venerate the skull bones of a wolf in 太子堂 a Daishi-Do Hall in their estate.
Once a family member had shot down a wolf, which was in fact Yamanokami who had come to lead him back home.
So now the wolf is the protector deity of Muramatsu family.

- - - - -
Once a hunter begged for a baby of a wolf, the messenger of Yamanokami.
He got four animals. When he went hunting once, he did not shoot anything. So he made a fire to spend the night there and told the animals:
"We will stay here for tonight. I had a little food, but since I did not have any pray today, you will go hungry, please be patient . . .".
The wolf used his tail to spread water on the fire to extinguish it many times. That is strange, thought the hunter and climbed a tree. There his old mino 蓑 straw coat was bitten by the wolf and the hunter realized the animal wanted to kill him. So he shot it.

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下伊那郡 Shimo-Ina district 豊丘村 Toyooka village

Yamanokami allows a wolf to eat a human who has fallen down in the mountains, but no other humans.
The grown-ups tell their children to chant, when they stumble and fall down on the mountain road;
「どっこい一休み」- Oh well, I will take a rest now!.
This will prevent a wolf from eating them.


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諏訪郡 Suwa district 原村 Hara village

At the Shrine for Yamanokami there are many offerings of long nawa 縄 ropes along the lattice doors and nearby trees.
The trees are hung up with the wish for a long life.


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上田市 Ueda city

Azumaya san no kami 四阿山の神 Kami of Mount Azumaya (2,354 m)
Once Yamanokami walked around Mount Azumaya in the direction of river 神川 Kangawa. Suddenly goma no mi ごまの実 the seed of sesame hit his eye and hurt it badly.
Since then downriver of Kangawa they do not grow sesame.
- a version from 佐久市 Saku city
Once upon a time
In the pond of temple 真楽寺 Shinraku-Ji there lived a ryuujin 竜神 Dragon Deity. He was on his way to 諏訪湖 Lake Suwako, near 小田井 Otai in 横根 Yokone, he fell down and hurt his eye with a seed of sesame.
Therefore the farmers of Yokone do not grow sesame. If they do, they will be cursed.

. ryuujin 竜神 Ryujin, Dragon Deity .
Ryuu-oo 竜王 Ryu-O - The Dragon King

- - - - -

jiishi, baishi 爺石 Ji-Ishi Grandpa rock，婆石 Ba-Ishi Grandma rock
Once upon a time
an old rich couple from 松代 Matsudai went to see her daughter, who lived in Ueda, because she had given birth to a baby. They crossed the pass 地蔵峠 Jizo Toge in a kago 籠 sedan chair. But the palanquin bearers were a bad lot and after passing the pass 金剛寺峠 Kongoji Toge they robbed the couple of their money and threw them down into the gourge with the palanquin.
While he was rolling down the mountain side, Grandpa got stuck in the middle of the way down and turned into a rock. Grandma fell down to the forest and became a rock.
The palanquin fell down near the sanctuary of Yamanokami and became the rock 籠岩　/ 篭岩 Kagoiwa.

. kago 篭 / 駕籠 / かご palanquin, sedan chair .

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.


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. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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Yamanokami Regional 20 Miyazaki

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and Legends from Miyazaki 宮崎県

. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.




In Miyazaki, 田の神 Tanokami, the Kami of the fields, is better known.


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. Kappa 河童 Water goblin legends - Miyazaki .
- There are many local names for the Kappa:
Karikoboo カリコボウ / かりこ坊 Karikobo, Karkio Bo
Kakariboozu カリコボウズ Kakari Bozu
ひょうすんぼ, 兵主坊 Hyosunbo / ひょうすえ Hyosue、ひょうすぼ, ヒョオスボ Hyoosubo、ヒョウスンボ Hyoosunbo、ひょうすんべ Hyoosunbe
ガラッパ Garappa. ガマジロ Gamajiro and ガマジロドン, Gamajiro don, ガオロ Gaoro, ガグレサァ Gaguressa, ガツラ Gatsura, 。ガマッパ Gamappa, ガラッパ Garappa, ガラッポ Garappo, ガランボ Garanbo,
ガワタロ Gawataro, ダワタロオ Gawataroo, カワッパ Kawappa, ガワッパ Gawappa,
カワノトノ Kawa no Ton, ガワロ Gawaro,
スイテンボオズ Suiten Boozu, 。セコボオ Sekoboo,
ガグレ Gagure, ガグレン Gaguren
カッパワロ Kappawaro
ヤマンヒト Yama no Hito (Man of the Mountain) / カワンヒト Kawa no Hito (Man of the River)
Yamataroo 山太郎 Yamataro is Yamanokami.

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東臼杵郡 Higashi-Usuki district 諸塚村 Morotsuka

yamamori 山守 warden of the mountain
At the Toshita Kagura 戸下神楽 dance from Toshita there is a piece named Yamamori.
He comes with a special 隠れ蓑 straw raincoat (which makes him invisible), a special straw hat and a sword to protect the mountain villagers.
This is said to be the origin of Yamanokami.



- - - - -

On the 20th day of the first and last lunar month, Yamanokami goes to the forest to count the trees.
If there are not enough trees, he will get in a bad temper.


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東臼杵郡 Higashi-Usuki district 西郷村 Nishigo

kawa no ozoe mono 川のオゾエモノ / 魔物 river monster
On the first day of the last lunar month, villagers prepare special buckwheat dumplings and throw them into the river to appease the monster. They have to do it, whatever comes.
This dates back to an old tale.
A forest worker had stayed in a mountain hut and when he came back next morning, Yamanokami told him:
"Last night your wife gave birth, but but the child drowned in the river. If you make nebai soba ねばいそば special sticky buckwheat dumplings as offerings, the child will be able to cross the river."
When he made the offerings, the child was saved.

. soba 蕎麦 と 伝説 Legends about buckwheat .
nebatoro soba ねばとろ蕎麦 sticky buckwheat noodles with Tororo.

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児湯郡 Koyu district 西米良村 Nishimera, Nishi-Mera

Yamanokami is seen as an old woman with long hair.
Others say she is a beautiful young woman.

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児湯郡 Koyu district 都農町 Tsuo

. hakuba 白馬 riding a white horse .

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西都市 Saito

kami no tatari 神の祟り the curse of Yamanokami
Yamanokami can make people ill be sending them the cold or kasa 瘡 smallpox.
If someone stands at the entrance of the valley when kaze 　風　カゼ the wind begins to blow,
he might get a cold (風邪　kaze)

- - - - -

tatsu no koma 龍の駒 "Dragon Horse" / 龍房山 Ryubusayama (966 m)
At mount Ryubusayama, in the hamlet 秋切集落 Akigiri there is a stone monument engraved with
tatsu no tama 龍之玉 Ball of the Dragon.
In winter, the horse of Yamanokami, called Tatsu no Koma, comes here to drink.

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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Yamanokami Jinja　山の神神社 Yamanokami Shrine
Kobayashi, Miyazaki Prefecture





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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.


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. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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Mimeguri Inari Shrine Tokyo

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. Shinto Shrines (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
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Mimeguri Inari Jinja 三囲稲荷神社 Mimeguri Inari Shrine, Tokyo
Mimeguri Jinja 三囲神社 / 三圍神社 Mimeguri Shrine


東京都墨田区向島2-5-17 // Tokyo, Sumida ward, Mukojima

- - - - - Deities in residence - - - - -
Uka no Mitama no Mikoto (Uganomitama) 宇迦之御魂 / 倉稲魂命

Legend says the former name of the Shrine was Tanaka Jinari 田中稲荷 Inari shrine in the fields.

The founding date is not quite clear, maybe around the 9th century by a painter-priest from 近江国三井寺 Omi no Kuni Miidera, named 僧源慶 Genkei, who died in 1216.
He heard about the Tanaka Inari shrine and wanted to build a bigger hall. As he was digging the ground, he found a pot. In it was a statue of an old white fox, holding a hoju 宝珠 wishfulfilling jewel in the right hand and an ear of rice in the left hand. Out of nowhere an old fox appeared,
walked around the statue (meguri) for three times (三 mi)
and then fell down dead. This is the origin of the name.

Later the 三井家 Mitsui Family made this shrine their protector Shrine.
The Chinese character for Mimeguri 三囲 includes the 井 of the Mitsui name in the second character.

The Mitsui family also had a torii 鳥居 Shrine gate made with three pillars:
三囲神社の三柱鳥居




There is a stone lantern offering from the Mitsui family with only three openings :




. Echigoya 越後屋 and the Mitsui Family　三井 .

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shuin　朱印 stamp



omamori お守り　amulets

- more in the Wikipedia -

In the compound is a Kagura-den hall for ritual dance.

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. Sumida-gawa hakkei 隅田川八景 .
Mimeguri-zutsumi no sekishoo 三囲堤 夕照 Sunset Glow at Mimeguri Embankment


広重 Utagawa Hiroshige

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Excursion to Mimeguri Shrine at Mukojima
鳥居清長 Torii Kiyonaga (1752 - 1815)
Beautiful scene of young women on an excursion to Mimeguri Shrine at Mukojima. The pause on a pathway, the two beauties at right sharing an umbrella under the afternoon sun. The woman at left smiles happily as she looks back over her shoulder, holding the end of her red obi. Fields stretch out into the distance with a few people strolling along the paths in between them. Boats can be seen on the river, and buildings line the opposite shore. The slender beauties are drawn with graceful, flowing line work, with lovely fine detail in the elegant kimono and obi fabrics.
An attractive, classic Edo era subject by Kiyonaga
- source - fuji arts -

Torii Kiyonaga 鳥居清長 (1752 – 1815)

Mimeguri no yudachi 三囲の夕立 A Sudden Shower at the Mimeguri Inari Shrine

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In the compound of the Shrine is

a place to pray to 恵比寿 Ebisu and 大国神 Daikoku
Part of the Pilgrimage to 隅田川七福神 the Seven Gods of Good Luck along the river Sumidagawa.



. Sumidagawa Shichi Fukujin 隅田川七福神 Seven Gods of God Luck .


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- Reference : 三囲神社
- Reference : Mimeguri Shrine


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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- - - - -　 H A I K U　 - - - - -

. Kobayashi Issa in Edo .

棒杭に江戸を詠る蛙哉
boogui ni Edo o nagamuru kawazu kana

on a stake
a frog gazes long
sings of Edo
Tr. Chris Drake

This is a spring hokku,
but it was written just after New Year's in the 1st month (February) of 1825, probably before many frogs were singing in the snow country where Issa lived. Issa's note says "Mimeguri Shrine," a reference to a Shinto shrine near the Sumida River in northeast Edo, the largest city in Japan in Issa's time. The hokku must be a hokku of memory, since Issa was far from Edo in his hometown when he recorded it in his diary. A woodblock print of the Mimeguri Shrine from Issa's time shows a row of stakes along the river's edge, protecting the base of the high embankment on the east side of the Sumida River. There are also high tethering poles along the bank used by small ferry boats when they stop at a riverside landing to unload or pick up visitors to the shrine.


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.......................................................................　Tokyo, Sumida 墨田区 .....

. amagoi　雨乞い rain rituals .
to pray for rain or to pray for the end of a long rainy period.

At the Shrine 三囲神社 Mimeguri Jinja there was a sub-Shrine for 稲荷社 the Inari Fox Deity.
In the fifth month of 1705, there was one fox roaming the compounds of the Shrine. If people made offerings of sweets, the fox would come out and show itself.

A disciple of haiku poet 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Basho, Kikaku Shinshi, wrote a haiku to pray for rain at the Shrine in 1693

雨乞や田を見めぐりの神ならば
amagoi ya ta o mimeguri no kami naraba

And indeed, it started to rain after that.

. Takarai Kikaku 宝井其角 / Enomoto Kikaku (1661-1707) 榎本其角 .
- Shinshi Ki 晋子忌 Shinshi Memorial Day

. Sumida ku, Sumida-ku 墨田区 Sumida ward, "ink field" .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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Samuhara Shrine Osaka

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. Shinto Shrines (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
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Samuhara jinja サムハラ神社 Samuhara Shrine, Osaka


大阪府大阪市西区立売堀2-5-26 / 2 Chome-5-26 Itachibori, Nishi-ku, Ōsaka-shi,

- quote
A Shinto-derived new religious movement which began in 1935 when Tanaka Tomisaburō (1868-1967) rebuilt a dilapidated shrine in Okayama.
After he had experienced a close brush with death on the frontline during the Russo-Japanese War, Tanaka felt he had received power from a talisman inscribed with four ideograms which he read sa-mu-ha-ra, and in turn he began to make miniature amulets (omamori) of this sort which he distributed for free.

Because of such proselytizing activities, however, the regional authorities accused him of using an unauthorized shrine to conduct private business, and as punishment, the shrine he had constructed was stripped of its contents and burned to the ground in 1936.
Tanaka, however, continued his activities of distributing amulets to troops being sent to the Asian front during World War II, and following the war in 1951, he registered his movement under the Religious Corporations Law (Shūkyō Hōjinhō) and rebuilt the shrine. In 1952 he moved the shrine to its present location.
After Tanaka's death his adopted son Tanaka Kōichi succeeded him.
-- Headquarters: Osaka Prefecture.
-- Nominal membership: approximately 500,000 (S)
- source : Yumiyama Tatsuya, Kokugakuin

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shuin　朱印 stamp



omamori お守り　amulets

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- Reference : サムハラ神社
- Reference : samuhara shrine


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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The four letters SA MU HA RA help protect the body from harm and grand a long life.
Since they are shinji 神字 characters of God, they can not be expressed with normal 漢字 Kanji characters and can not be reproduced on a computer.
They have been used since olden times for amulets of temples,

サムハラ神社
無傷無病、延命長寿の神として知られる。𪮷〓𪮷𪮇（サムハラ）[3][4]とは不思議の4文字で、身を守ると言われている。これは漢字のような文字であるが、神字であり漢字とは異なる。Unicodeには、〓のみが収録されておらず、活字変換は不可。他の文字は全てCJK統合漢字拡張Cに収録されている。
東大寺（西東大寺）（千葉県西市）、雷山千如寺大悲王院（清賀上人により十転化の功徳があるという）など各地の寺社のお守りの呪文に使用されている。
サムハラの故事
曾子が病になって臨終の際に、弟子に体の全部を調べさせ、一つの傷痕もないのを見て安心し「父母に体を受けて生まれて幸いにも一つの傷痕もなくお返しする事ができるのは孝を尽くしたことだ」と言い、生命の守護神（𪮷〓𪮷𪮇大神）に深く感謝したという。

身體髮膚 受之父母 不敢毀傷 孝之始也[5]
身体髪膚これを父母に受く、あえて毀傷せざるは孝の始めなり
— 孝経
加藤清正は文禄・慶長の役の時、𪮷〓𪮷𪮇を武器の刃に彫りつけて信じていたために万死に一生を得たという。
『耳嚢[6]』巻2に、1782年（天明2年）、新見愛之助という小姓が登城の時に馬ごと坂の下に落ちたが怪我がなかった。他の者に理由を聞かれると領民から送られた守護札を見せ「領民が野においてキジを矢で射たが当たらず、逃げようともしない。弓がうまい者たちが競ったが駄目であった。このキジを捕まえたところ背中に𪮷〓𪮷𪮇の4文字が書いてあった。『この文字を書いた札を懐に入れておくと良いことがある』と流行った。」と語った[7]との記述がある。
平田篤胤の『仙境異聞』（上） 三之巻[8][9]に慶長年間に大樹公（征夷大将軍のこと）が狩で発見した鶴の羽にあった文字（𪮷〓𪮷𪮇の文字）が怪我よけとして広まり、寅吉が仙骨の人の符字のようなものに見たが、「ジヤク、コウ、ジヤウ、カウ」というように聞いたがよく知らないと言ったという。
岡田挺之の随筆『秉穂録』に「福岡で鶴を捕ったところ、鶴の翼に「さむはら」という四文字の符字があった。長命の符字であるだろうと人々はこれを写し取って帯びた。また斎藤実盛の位牌が淡路のある寺にあり、位牌の背にこの四文字がある。最近、江戸でこの符字を帯びた人が落馬したが怪我が無かったので、これを帯びることが流行した。」とある[10]。
國安仙人（万延元年（1860年）7月23日-大正元年（1912年）9月28日　幼名　米太郎　普明光美　加波山神社の摂末社普明神社に祀られる。）が信者に与えたタク字びよる霊符の最初の4文字がサムハラの文字（読みは「けん しょう けん ご」）であったという[11]。
- - - その他
𪮷〓𪮷𪮇はサンスクリット語の samvara （「三跋羅[12]（さんばら）sanbara」）という言葉に由来するという。
短刀に刻印し守り刀とされた[13]。
厭勝銭（えんしょうせん）の一種にサムハラ銭 samuhara sen がある[14][15]（厭勝銭は流通貨幣ではなく、縁起物もしくは護符として所持した銭。ここでは弾除けの祈念銭）。
- reference source : weblio.jp/wkpja/content... -



samuhara sen サムハラ銭 coin with SAMUHARA inscription



samuhara tsuba サムハラ鍔 sword guard
. The Sword Guard 鍔 Tsuba 　 .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

「■□■△」
（■は手偏に「合」の下に「幸」。□は手偏に「台」。△は手偏に「己」の下に「口」）

.......................................................................　Fukuoka 福岡県 .....

Once a tsuru 鶴 crane was caught, with the four letters SAMUHARA on its wings.
People thought these letters would protect and bring a long life, so they copied them.

At 淡路 Awaji there was a temple with the ihai 位牌 Buddhist mortuary tablet of 斉藤実盛 Saito Sanemori.
On its back side were the letters SAMUHARA.

. Saito Sanemori 斉藤実盛 (794 - 1185) .




.......................................................................　Saitama 埼玉県 .....

In 1668 a 鉄砲師 gun specialist from 紀州 Kishu named 吉川源五兵衛 Yoshikawa Gengobe came to Edo.
At 大宮鷹場 the hawking area of Omiya in the village of 吉野村 Yoshino he shot 白い雉 a white pheasant.
When he could get close, he saw on its back the letters SAMUHARA.
He thought this was an amulet to protect from injuries, so he wrote the letters on paper and shot at them.
After that he never hit a target again.




.......................................................................　Tokyo　東京 .....

A man in Edo had carried a SAMUHARA amulet on his body. When he fell from his horse one day, we was not hurt.
Soon this kind of amulet became popular in Edo.

.......................................................................
. Chiyoda ku 千代田区 Chiyoda ward .

samuhara さむはら / サムハラ
In 1652, the Shogun went hawk hunting. The hawk caught a large goose. The four letters of SAMUHARA were written on the breast of the bird.
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Ushigafuchi, Ushigabuchi 牛ヶ淵 （うしがふち）
The canal at Kudansaka 件坂下 / 九段坂 is called 牛ヶ淵 "riverpool of the bull".
It is a 魔所 bewitched place.
Once in 1782, a Samurai rode here on his horse, but he fell down and tumbled into the "Riverpool of the Bull".
But the man and his horse did not show any wounds.
This is because once the Samurai was hunting for pheasants and shot at a kiji 雉 pheasant.
He followed the bird and finally caught it and saw the four letters SAMUHARA written on its wings.
Since then he had kept an amulet with these words in his breast pocket.

.......................................................................
. Kami-Meguro 上目黒 .

In 1652, the Shogun went hawk hunting. The hawk caught a large goose. There were four letters written on the breast of the bird.
The letters were SA MU HA RA.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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