Kumano Gongen Legends

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Kumano Gongen 熊野権現 Legends about Kumano Gongen
Kumano no Kami / Kumano no Okami / the Kumano Gongen Deity

. Kumano 熊野と伝説 Legends about Kumano .

- quote -
Kumano Gongen is deities enshrined in Kumano Sanzan.
The shusaijin (main enshrined deities) Ketsumimiko, Hayatama, and Fusubi (also called Musubi, spelled 牟須美 or 結) are called Kumano sanjo gongen, and other deities together with Kumano sanjo gongen are called Kumano junisho gongen.
- source : japanese-wiki-corpus.org ... -

. karasu　鴉 / 烏 the crow, raven - Messenger of Kumano Gongen .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


.......................................................................　Fukui 福井県 .....
三方上中郡 Mikatakaminaka district 若狭町 Wakasa town

karasu 烏 crows
In the early morning of the first day of the New Year, there is a ritual called
senjiki センジキ, 握り飯 roasted rice cakes.
On a rock formation people bring offerings of karasu mochi カラス餅 rice cakes for crows.
Very soon a couple of crows come down from the mountain and take the rice cakes away.
The crows are messengers of Kumano Gongen.
If they are coming, there will be a good harvest and good fishing.
If they do not come, there will be a poor fishing catch.

A similar story is told at 八幡神社 the Shrine Hachiman Jinja in 滋賀県 Shiga, 多賀町 Taga town.




.......................................................................　Iwate 岩手県 .....

熊野権現 the Kumano Gongen Deity is venerated 光興寺 at the Temple Koko-Ji.
Once an itinerant priest from Kyoto stayed over night in the hall.
When the priest lit a fire, the flames came over tho the hall.
The statue of the deity flew out of the hall and into a field far away.
It was stopped in a huge itayakaede イタヤカエデ Acer pictum tree.
The statue of Kumano Gongen is now at 柳玄寺 the Temple Ryugen-Ji.
The temple provides an amulet with yatagarasu 八咫烏 the three-legged crow.

. hakuryuu 白竜 Hakuryu, a white dragon at Ryugen-Ji .

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Iwate 花巻市 Ishinomaki town

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake legends .
Once a girl washed her face in the clear water of the forest and soon became very weak.
Her parents got worried and prayed to 熊野権現 the Kumano Gongen Deity for help.
Then therer was a thunder and trembling of the earth, with strange light in the sky.
Eventually it became calm and clear again.
There were two huge dead serpents on the gruond, hugging each other.
The male serpent had fallen in love with the daughter,
but the female serpent became very jealous.
The serpents had a fight and finally fell down dead.




.......................................................................　Kagawa 香川県 .....
高松市 Takamatsu city 塩江町 Shionoe town

. Saint Gyoki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 (668 - 749) .
Gyoki Bosatsu stayed at 最明寺 the Temple Saimyo-Ji.




.......................................................................　Nara 奈良県 .....
葛城市 Katsuragi city

The famous 当麻寺の曼荼羅 Taima Mandala from Temple Taimadera had become quite old and needed repair.
A high priest came to do the work, but the colors he used did not fit.
At that time, his apprentice met an old man from 二上岳 Mount Futakamigake.
The old man told him to dig in the back of 熊野新宮社 Kumano Shingusha.
When he did so, he found a bundle with just the right colors.
The old man must have been 熊野権現 the Kumano Gongen Deity himself.
. Taimadera 当麻寺 / 當麻寺 Temple Taima-Dera.

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奈良市 Nara city

. Kokūzō Bosatsu 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu .
When making mochi 餅 rice cakes at the temple for Kokuzo Bosatsu,
people used two small red plates and placed 12 Mochi on them.
The plates were placed outside on straw and people begun to chant.
In no time the karasu 烏 crows came to eat them.
Crows were seen as gongen no tsukai 権現の使い the messenger of Gongen.
. mochi 餅と伝説 Legends about rice cakes .




.......................................................................　Okinawa 沖縄県 .....
宜野湾市 Ginowan city

In 安谷屋村 the village Adania there lived a couple who could not pay their taxes.
So the wife had to go out for work.
The couple shared a contract to stay togeher for eternity
and then the wife left the village.
The woman cut hair long hair and sold it.
Then she bought some fragrant flowers and visite a temple.
On her way she met an old man and asked him to look after her luggage.
On the way back she could not find the old man any more.
She asked the Deity to show her the way.
In a dream she learned that the old man was
Kumano Gongen 熊野権現 The Kumano Deity.
When she opened the luggage found at the temple,
she saw that many cold coins had been put inside.




.......................................................................　Yamaguchi 山口県 .....

There is 熊野神社　a Kumano Shrine at 野上町 Nogami town.
Every year on the last day at ushi no koku 丑の刻 the hour of the ox, around 3 at night,
from 龍ノ口山 Mount Tatsunokuchi, there comes shinka 神火 a light looking like being shot from an arrow.
When the farmers see it, they feel blessed at the end of the year.
. shinka 神火と伝説 Legends about　"divine fire" .
shinka 神火 / シンカ "fire of the gods", "light of the gods"

. ushi no koku 丑の刻 hour of the ox .
This time was the best to make a wish or place a curse with the help of the deities, be it Buddhist or Shinto.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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. tera　寺と伝説 Buddhist Temples and their legends .
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- ##kumano #gongen #kumanogongen -
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Gozu Tenno Legends

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Gozu Tenno Legends 牛頭天王伝説 / 牛頭天皇

. Gion matsuri 祇園祭り Gion festival .
In 869, the people were suffering from plague and pestilence which was attributed to the rampaging deity
Gozu Tennō (牛頭天王).

Emperor Seiwa ordered that the people pray to the god of the Yasaka Shrine 八坂神社, Susanoo-no-mikoto. Sixty-six stylized and decorated halberds, one for each province in old Japan, were prepared and erected at Shinsen-en, a garden, along with the portable shrines (mikoshi) from Yasaka Shrine.

. Yasaka Jinja 八坂神社 Yasaka Shrine - Legends .

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- quote -
Gozu Tennō
Literally, "ox-head-heaven-king." Also called Gion Tenjin, Gozu Tennō is a product of kami-buddha "combinatory" religion, worshiped at the Gion Shrine (Yasaka Jinja) in Kyoto, and at other shrines such as Tsushima, Tennō, Susanoo, and Yakumo. Originating as a deity of pestilence, Gozu Tennō is worshiped within observances related to the festival known as Gion-e.
A variety of ritual formulae
and sacred histories purport to explain the origins and nature of Gozu Tennō; historically originating in India, the deity's features underwent successive transformations and systematic development as it was transmitted to China and Japan. The actual details of its transmission and the process of amalgamation with other deities, however, are complex issues and not universally agreed upon.
In India, the deity was called Gosirsa Devaraja, a minor tutelary deity in Buddhism known as a protector of the Monastery of the "Jeta Grove" (Jp., Gion Shōja), while in Tibet it was known as the deity of "Ox-Head Mountain" (Jp. Gozusan). Transmitted to China, the deity's cult merged with esoteric Buddhism, Daoism, and Yin-Yang beliefs, and then was transmitted to Japan, where it experienced further mingling with Japanese Yin-Yang (Onmyōdō) divination.
The deity also became associated
with the legend of a Japanese kami of plague called Sominshōrai and was identified with the kami Susanoo; taking on a trinitarian nature that incorporated characteristics of Susanoo's consort and child, he also came to be identified with the Japanese kami Onamuchi.
On the popular level, however,
Gozu Tennō's chief features continued to emphasize his nature as a deity of epidemic disease. The Gion Goryō-e first observed in the tenth century became widely popular and was institutionalized as a regular summer observance to exorcise the evil spirits responsible for frequent outbreaks of epidemic disease.
With origins as a spirit causing disease,
Gozu Tennō was in time transformed into a tutelary that protected its worshipers from such epidemics, taking on further characteristics as a deity of justice, a deity that ascertained truth (Tadashi no kami), and a deity of the cardinal directions. As observances of the Gion-e type spread regionally, Gozu Tennō was also established as a local tutelary deity (chinju no kami).
- source : kokugakuin Yonei Teruyoshi -


Gion Daimyojin　祇園大明神

. Somin Shorai 蘇民将来 .

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- quote -
the Gion Shrine of Yasui-Konpira-gu
The ema (votive plaque) celebrates the eight base pillars in personified form as eight strong men. In this way the subshrine not only acknowledges the shrine’s Buddhist past but is dedicated to one of Shinto’s prime concerns – extraordinary displays of power (which are seen as a manifestation of the lifeforce).
- source : greenshinto.com... -


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. hayariyamai はやり病 / 流行病と伝説 Legends about epidemics .
densenbyoo 伝染病 Densenbyo contagious diseases / pandemic


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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. tsurumen 犬神人 / ツルメソ / inujinin （いぬじにん、いぬじんにん、つるめそう） .
When Gozu Tenno first came down from Heaven on this earth, he had two dogs with him. They gave birth and the baby soon turned into a human, Tsurumen.


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


Truth and legends of Sominshorai Gozu Tenno 蘇民将来 / 巨端将来

- quote -
The deity also became associated with the legend of a Japanese kami of plague called Sominshōrai and was identified with the kami Susanoo; taking on a trinitarian nature that incorporated characteristics of Susanoo's consort and child, he also came to be identified with the Japanese kami Onamuchi.
- reference source : kokugakuin Yonei Teruyoshi -



.......................................................................　Aichi 愛知県 .....

. 津島大社 Tsushima Taisha / 津島神社 Tsushima Jinja - Aichi .




............................................................................. Ehime 愛媛県

. Great Tsushima Shrine 津島大社 Tsushima Taisha .

津島牛頭天王社 Tsushima Gozu Tenno Shrine
- extensive reference about Gozu Tenno -
「牛頭天王と蘇民将来伝説の真相」 by 長井博 Nagai Hiroshi

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Ehime 喜多郡 Kita district

On 用の山 Mount Yonoyama (540 m) there is a shrine for Gozu Tenno 牛頭天王神社, where Susano-o no Mikoto is worshipped. There was a huge カシの木 Kashi oak tree in the compound, which the villagers cut down to build the shrine. But it turned out to become a curse of Gozu Tenno and all the babies and young children of the village died.
The villagers heard the sound of someone dancing a ritual Kagura dance and went to have a look, but there was nobody. Eventually a diviner told them that it was the angry Gozu Tenno. He wanted them to get new trees from a different mountain nearby and re-plant them here go get the peace back in the village.

. Oak Trees / Quercus .

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Ehime 宇和島市 Uwajima city

The land of the Shinto Shrine was sold and the new owner used it for fields. Now strange things happened:
Rocks came tumbling down the mountain and people died. This was the curse of the deity of the 天王社 Tenno Shrine and the farmer stopped to use the fields.




............................................................................. Fukuoka 福岡県
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北九州市 Kita-Kyushu city 小倉北区 Kokura-North ward

Kokura Yasaka Shrine 小倉八坂神社
2-2 Jonai, Kokurakita Ward, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka


source : traveltowns.jp/spots...

- quote -
Yasaka Shrine in Kokura, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture,
is the highest ranked shrine in the city and it stands on the ruin of the Kitanomaru building of Kokura Castle. The shrine was once called Gionsha and it was located in Imoji-machi.
It was renamed Yasaka Shrine in the Meiji Period and transferred to íts current location in 1934.
The shrine already existed in the beginning of the Heian Period (794 to 1185) and it honored the god Susanouno-mikoto. After the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), 細川越中守忠興 Hosokawa Tadaoki was awarded a fiefdom in Kokura and he moved to Kokura Castle from Tango. He rebuilt the shrine in Imoji-machi and named it Gionsha, at where twelve deities including Susanouno-mikoto were worshiped.
According to legend, during his hunting trip with a falcon, Tadaoki found a small shrine and peeked inside for closer look at the statue of a deity. Suddenly, a falcon flew out from the shrine and damaged Tadaoki’s eyes with its talons. Facing the possible crisis of losing his eyes, Tadaoki saw it as a god’s punishment and he built a magnificent shrine to ask for forgiveness. His eyes are said to have healed after that.
Yasaka Shrine has long been deeply venerated as a guardian shrine by locals. The Kokura Gion Festival, held every July, is known as one of the Three Greatest Gion Festivals in Japan and the splendid performance of the Gion Taiko Drum is a must-see event that enchants spectators.
- source : nippon-kichi.jp... -




............................................................................. Fukushima 福島県

. divination at the Shrine 蟇目鹿島神社 Hikime Kashima Jinja .




............................................................................. Hyogo 兵庫県
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出石郡 Izushi district 高橋村 Takahashi village

At the Shrine for Gozu Tenno there was roosugi 老杉 an old cedar tree.
From the 10th lunar month until winter people could hear the sound of drums near the tree. Sometimes there was the sound of the tree falling down.
On the night of the third day of the 11th lunar month at the time of ushimitsu 丑満ツ / 丑三つ there comes a storm an the trees are groaning.
This is when the gods come home from their yearly trip to 出雲 Izumo.

. ushi mitsu 丑満ツ / 丑三つ the double-hour of the ox .
A time when the spirits of the dead and the gods are alive too.




............................................................................. Mie 三重県
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山田村 Yamada village

The 牛頭天皇社 Shrine for Gozu Tenno was swept away on the 8th of April in 1265 during a flooding. To determine the place for rebuilding the Shrine, the villagers put some branches of yanagi 枯柳 the old willow tree in the ground and one of them became a tree over night. So they used this area for the new Shrine.




............................................................................. Miyagi 宮城県
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. Kappagami カッパ神 the Kappa deity .
Kappagami san 河童神さん The Kappa Deity
June 15 is the day of 河童祭 the Kappa Festival. At 牛頭天王神社 the shrine of Gozu Tenno and other places special water rituals are held. People make offerings of cucumbers, a speciality of Kappa san. Children get special amulets from the Kappa Shrine 河童神社 and after that they can enjoy swimming in the river.
June 10 is the day of 牛頭天王祭 the festival for Gozu Tenno. People make offerings of cucumbers and later throw them into the water, praying for the protection of the children.

Isora Jinja 磯良神社 - the Kappa Shrine
Miyagi, Kami District, Shikama 色麻町
. Kappa Legends from Miyagi .

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Miyagi 名取市 Natori city 増田 Masuda

umazuka, uma-zuka 馬塚 horse mound
A place to venerate 第六天神 Dairokutenjin.
Once the mikoshi 神輿 portable shrine of 小豆島牛頭天王 Gozu Tenno from Shodoshima passed here. The weather suddenly turned wild and the shinme 神馬 sacred horse died.
Now people can experience healing for cattle and horses.

. Dairokuten Ma-O 第六天魔王 Big Number Six Heavenly Deity .


第六天神社 Shrine Dairokuten Jinja
宮城県名取市増田1-3-36
Built in 1506.
- source : jinjajin.jp/modules/newdb... -




............................................................................. Nagano 長野県
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小海町 Koumi

Once a villager was leading his horse when it suddenly stepped into a huge hole in the ground. From the bottom of the hole came a voice
"I am the Gread Deity Gozu Tenno. If you do not venerate me in this village, I will curse you all!"
Therefor all villagers now venerate him in the Eastern Direction at the top of Mount 馬場山Babayama.




............................................................................. Nara 奈良県

. 狩野元信 Kanō Motonobu, Kano Hogen (1476―1559）. .
painting at Shrine 神波多神社 Kanhata Jinja




............................................................................. Niigata 新潟県
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新発田市 Shibata city

二階堂マキの作物禁忌 A special day for Nikaido Maki
At the 天王社 Tenno-sha dedicated to 二階堂マキ the main festival in on June 15. Nidoimo Taro is boiled and offered at the shrine. When the nearby villagers bring cucumbers, they boil them with rice gruel.
Nikaido Maki said people would get ill if they grow cucumbers.
nidoimo 二度芋 a kind of Taro that can be harvested twice a year (nido).

- reference source : niigata-u.com/files... -
須佐之男神社（新発田市天王〈てんのう〉） / かつて天王宮（牛頭天王）




............................................................................. Okayama 岡山県
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There are many shrines in his honor, where he is called 天王様 Tenno Sama.
Some are called 祇園宮 Gion no Miya.




............................................................................. Saitama 埼玉県
飯能市 Hanno town 中沢 Nakazawa

Gozu Tenno likes cucumbers 胡瓜 and they are also a motive in the crest.
In the river 名栗川 Nagurigawa there lives a clan of 河童 Kappa, a famous group in 奥武蔵 the Oku-Musashi area. On the fullmoon night of the sixth lunar month, they all meet for a feast. On this occasion, the villagers throw cucumbers into the river and pray there will be no harm from the water.
This custom is not kept any more.
Nearby in Hachioji 八王子 at a shrine there is a religious restriction 禁忌 not to plant cucumbers. The villagers of the Group to venerate Gozu 牛講 keep this taboo very strictly at the shrine.

reference : 牛頭天王信仰と民間伝承 ― 奥武蔵・天王山八王寺― by 荒井貢次郎　Arai Kojiro




............................................................................. Shizuoka 静岡県
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御前崎市 Omaezaki city

Sakuragaike 桜が池 / 桜ヶ池 "the cherty-blossom pond"
In 遠江国笠原庄桜村 Sakura village there are two small ponds, 男池女池 "the pond for men and the pond for women", together called 桜が池 Sakuragaike. At the pond is a Shrine for 牛頭天王 Gozu Tenno.
During the Summer equinox, people make an offering of sekihan 赤飯 red auspicious rice and place it in a barrel, with a wish. A good swimmer has to push it to the middle of the pond and then let go. The swimmer then has to swim on to the other side. The water begins to swirl and the barrel is pulled down. According to the wishes of the people, the number of barrels is different in ever year.

. Sakuragaike 桜が池 "The Cherry Blossom Pond" - Legends .


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

reference : 『梅津長者物語』と『牛頭天王縁起』－ お伽草子庶民物の塑像 － 真下美弥子 Mashita Misako

- 牛頭天王縁起 - pdf file


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- #gozu #gozutenno #oxheaded #giondaimyojin #epidemic #pandemic #densenbyo #hayariyamai -
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Kikuna Shrine Gaman Yokohama

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Kikuna Jinja 菊名神社 Kikuna Shrine, Kanagawa


神奈川県横浜市港北区菊名6-5-14 / 6 Chome-5-14 Kikuna, Kohoku Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa

There were originally five shrines in an area of Sugiyama Jinja 杉山神社 Sugiyama Shrine, which is now in 菊名町公園 Kikuna Town Park.
The new Kikuna Shrine is famous for its 24 paintings of chrysanthemums on the ceiling.
kiku 菊 means Chrysanthemum.

ここ菊名の地には、昭和の初期まで神明社(天照皇大神)、杉山神社(日本武尊)、浅間神社(木花咲耶姫命)、八幡神社(譽田別命)、阿府神社（武内宿禰命)の５社が村社として地域の人々の信仰を集めて参りました。中でも記録に残るものとして最も古くからあるのが、阿府（あぶ）神社であり、その歴史は任和元年（８８５年）に遡るといわれております。時の天皇、光孝天皇が師岡に勅使を遣わされ熊野神社を創建なされた時、勅使がその途上、馬具の鎧をお納めになったことからその名が付いたと史書には書かれております。
この５社が昭和１０年、現在は菊名町公園となっている杉山神社の地に合祀され、名も「菊名神社」と改められました。その後、太平洋戦争の戦火を逃れてからは、同所を保健所建設用地として提供するため、当時の八幡神社の地（現菊名神社の地）に社殿を移設、以降この地で菊名の総鎮守として地域の人々とともに歩み、またその生活を見守り続けて参りました。
この間、氏子崇敬者の厚いご協力の下、昭和３２年には社殿の改修および社務所・神楽殿が建設され、信仰の対象としてだけでなく、地域住民の交流と青少年の研修の場としても大きな役割を担うこととなりました。そしてこの度平成２３年には、５０年ぶりの大々的な社殿改修工事を終え、２１世紀に相応しい姿となって生まれ変わりました。
新たに完成した拝殿の天井には、中心に「菊」の花を配し、四方にはがまんさまによって守られる２４枚の天井画が飾られております。テーマは「菊名の絆」です。これは社殿は新しくなっても、菊名の総鎮守として以前と同様、変わらずこの地の人々とともにあることを示しているのです。拝殿には、２４枚の天井画、輪になって咲く菊の花が中心に描かれ、四方は開運招福を呼ぶ四季を背景にしたがまんさまで守られています。
- source : kikunajinja.jp/profile/goyurai...

- - - - - Deities in residence - - - - -
・ 誉田別命（ほんだわけのみこと）Hondawake no Mikoto
・ 天照皇大神（あまてらすすめおおみかみ）Omaterasu Omikami
・ 日本武尊（やまとたけるのみこと）Yamato Takeru no Mikoto
・ 木花咲耶姫命（このはなさくやひめのみこと）Konohana Sakuyahime no Mikoto
・ 武内宿禰命（たけのうちすくねのみこと）Takenouchi Sukune no Mikoto

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gaman sama　がまんさま "endure the hardships"

This is a stone statue of an Oni demon, supporting the handwash basin.
Actually, there are also two of them.



They were made around 1800.
It expresses the endurance of the stone figures supporting the handwash basin for so many years without any complaint.

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shuin　朱印 stamp




omamori お守り　amulets

- CLICK on the photo to see more amulets !


- - - - - HP of the Shrine
- source : kikunajinja.jp... -


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- Reference : 菊名神社
- Reference : kikuna shrine yokohama


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .


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- #gamansama #kikuna #kikunashrine -
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Kumano Junisha Gongen

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Shinto Shrines (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
. kami　神　Shinto deities .
. Legends and Tales about Kumano 熊野伝説 .

. Kumano Gongen 熊野権現 Legends about Kumano Gongen .
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Kumano Juunisha Gongen 熊野十二社権現 12 Kumano Shrines
Kumano Junisha Gongen



. Kumano Jinja 熊野神社 Kumano Shrines .
There are many Kumano shrines in Japan.

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- quote
Kumano Junisha Gongen 熊野十二社権現 Twelve Avatars of Kumano
Kumano Sansho Gongen 熊野三所権現 Three Avatars of Kumano.
The Kumano triad is composed of three Shintō deities and their Buddhist counterparts.
There is also a larger gongen group called the Kumano Jūnisha Gongen 熊野十二社権現 (Twelve Avatars of Kumano), which includes the main three plus nine lesser deities.
A 13th deity, named Hirō Gongen 飛滝権現 (also read Hiryū Gongen), deifies the Nachi Waterfall in the Kumano area. The three main shrines are Hongū 本宮 (Kumano Nimasu Jinja 熊野座神社); Shingū 新宮 (Kumano Hayatama Jinja 熊野速玉神社); and Nachi 那智 (Kumano Fusumi Jinja 熊野夫須美神社).
All three are located near the southern edge of Wakayama prefecture. To learn more about the famed three shrines of Kumano, plus other deity associations at Kumano, click here.
- - Hongū, Ketsumiko-gami 家都御子神 = Amida Buddha
- - Shingū, Hayatamamiya 速玉神 = Yakushi Buddha
- - Nachi, Fusumi 夫須美 or Musubi no Kami 結びの神 = 1000-Armed Kannon Bodhisattva
- source : MarkSchumacher


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- quote -
Kumano Sanzan
The three Kumano Sanzan shrines are the Sōhonsha ("head shrines") of all Kumano shrines and lie between 20 to 40 km from each other. They are connected to each other by the pilgrimage route known as "Kumano Sankeimichi" (熊野参詣道).
The great Kumano Sanzan complex also includes two Buddhist temples, Seiganto-ji and Fudarakusan-ji.

The religious significance of the Kumano region goes back to prehistoric times and therefore predates all modern religions in Japan. The area was, and still is, considered a place of physical healing. Each shrine initially had its own separate form of nature worship, but in the 10th century, under the influence of Buddhism, the three came to be worshiped together as the three deities of Kumano.
Because at the time Japanese kami were believed to be emanations of buddhas (honji suijaku theory), the three came to be associated with the Buddhas.
Kuniyasutamahime became associated with Avalokiteśvara sahasrabhūja (Senju Kannon, "Thousand-Armed Avalokiteśvara"), Bhaisajyaguru (Yakushi Nyōrai) and Amitābha (Amida Nyōrai).
he site became, therefore, a unique example of shinbutsu-shūgō or the fusion between Buddhism and Japanese indigenous religion. Thereafter the Kumano Sanzan site attracted many worshipers and became a popular pilgrimage destination. In the 11th century pilgrims were mostly members of the Imperial family or aristocrats, but four centuries later they were mostly commoners.
The visit was referred to as the "Kumano ant pilgrimage" (蟻の熊野参り) because they could be seen winding through the valleys like so many ants.
- source : wikipedia -

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- quote -
熊野速玉大社の社殿・祭神・本地仏
上四社 - Top four shrines
第一殿 結宮 Isamiya - 熊野夫須美大神（熊野結大神）Kumano Fusumi - 千手観音 Senju Kannon
第二殿 速玉宮 Hayatama - 熊野速玉大神 Kumano Hayatama - 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai
第三殿 証誠殿 Shojoden - 家津美御子大神・国常立尊 Ketsumiko - 阿弥陀如来 Amida Nyorai
第四殿 若宮 Wakamiya - 天照大神 Amaterasu - 十一面観音 Juichimen Kannon
第四殿 神倉宮 Kamigura no Miya - 高倉下命 Takakuraji - （本地仏なし）No Buddha

中四社 - Center four shrines
第五殿 禅児宮 - 天忍穂耳尊 Amenooshiomimi - 地蔵菩薩 Jizo Bosatsu
第六殿 聖宮 - 瓊々杵尊 Ninigi - 龍樹菩薩 Ryuju Bosatsu (Nagarjuna)
第七殿 児宮 - 彦火火出見尊 Hoori - 如意輪観音 Nyoirin Kannon
第八殿 子守宮 Komori no Miya - 鵜葺草葺不合命 Ugayafukiaezu - 聖観音 Sho Kannon

下四社 - Bottom four shrines
第九殿 一万宮 - Ichiman no Miya - 国狭槌尊 Kunisatsuchi - 文殊菩薩 Monju Bosatsu
第九殿 十万宮 Juman no Miya - 豊斟渟尊 Toyokumune - 普賢菩薩 Fugen Bosatsu
第十殿 勧請宮 Kanjo no Miya - 泥土煮尊 Wahijini - 釈迦如来 Shaka Nyorai
第十一殿 飛行宮 Hiko no Miya - 大戸道尊 Otonoji - 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
第十二殿 米持宮 Yonemochi no Miya - 面足尊 Omodaru - 多聞天 Tamonten (Bishamon Ten)

- reference source : wikipedia -


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熊野十二社権現御正体 Kumano Junisha Gongen Mishotai - Bronze mirror


Mirror from the Kamakura period

Center : 阿弥陀如来（本宮）Amida Nyorai
Left of center: 千手観音（那智）Senju Kannon
Right of center : 薬師如来（新宮）Yakushi Nyorai
Top line center : 釈迦如来（勧請十五所）Shaka Nyorai
文殊菩薩（一万宮）Monju Bosatsu
地蔵菩薩（禅師宮）Jizo Bosatsu
龍樹菩薩（聖宮）Ryuju Bosatsu (Nagarjuna)
不動明王（飛行夜叉）Fudo Myo-O
毘沙門天（米持金剛）Bishamon Ten
聖観音（子守宮）Sho Kannon
如意輪観音（児宮）Nyoirin Kannon
普賢菩薩（十万宮）Fuden Bosatsu

- Look at the map with the 12 shrines
- reference source : bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages... -


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江戸の熊野十二社 Kumano Junisha in Edo




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神奈川県　Kanagawa 鎌倉　Kamakura　十二所 Juniso

Juniso Jinja　十二所神社
This shrine is located up in the mountain, at the foot of Asahina pass.



- quote -
Beyond a stone shrine gate, of a myojin-style torii (明神鳥居), lies the main building directly ahead. To the right of the main hall are three small shrines: Yamano Jinja (山の神社), Hoso Jinja (疱瘡神社) and Usa Hachiman Jinja (宇佐八幡神社).
A large, heavy-looking stone to the right of the torii is called Hyakukan-ishi (百貫石, or Hyakkan-ishi). The stone, long neglected, weighs roughly 110 kilograms and was once a popular object of weightlifting at shrine festivals. Further to the right stands Kaguraden Hall (神楽殿), for sacred music and dances.
... Early in the Meiji period (1867-1912), under a government policy of separating Shintoism and Buddhism, the shrine was moved from the grounds of Kosokuji Temple (光則寺) in the neighborhood to its present site and dedicated to
seven deities in Heaven and five deities presiding on Earth.
At the same time, the name was changed to Juniso Jinja Shrine　from
Kumano Juniso Gongensha (熊野十二所権現社).
- source : kcn-net . org - Juniso Jinja　十二所神社 -



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Kumano Densetsu 熊野伝説 Plum wine from Kumano


幻の梅酒 - a special present in a white bottle.

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. Legends and Tales about Kumano 熊野伝説 .


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- Reference : 熊野十二社権現

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. jjūni sama 十二様 Juni Sama, "Honorable 12" deities .

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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- #kumano #kumanojuniso #kumano12shrines -
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- - - GGG - - -

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- - - - - - - - - - Shinto Shrines - - - - - - - - - -


. gekuu, gekū 外宮　Geku Outer shrine complex of Ise 伊勢神宮 .
- - - - - Toyouke Daijinguu 豊受大神宮

. Genkuro Inari Jinja 源九郎稲荷社 for a fox . - Yoshino, Nara / Genkuro Minamoto Yoshitsune

. Ginza Hatcho Jisha 銀座八丁神社 Shrines in 8 Ginza districts - Tokyo .
1.幸稲荷神社 Saiwai Inari Jinja
2.銀座稲荷神社　Ginza Inari Jinja
3.龍光不動尊 "Fashion" Ryuko Fudo Son
4.朝日稲荷神社 Asahi Inari Jinja
5.銀座出世地蔵尊　Ginza Shusse Jizo
6.宝童稲荷神社 Hodo Inari Jinja
7.あづま稲荷神社 Azuma Inari Jinja
8.靍護稲荷神社 Kakugo Inari Jinja　
9.成功稲荷神社 Seiko Inari Jinja
10.豊岩稲荷神社 Toyoiwa Inari Jinja
- and 八官神社 Hachikan Jinja // 宝珠稲荷神社 Hoju Inari Jinja


. gokoku jinja 護国神社 Gokoku shrine for the protection of the nation .
- - - - - shookonsha 招魂社 - "spirit-inviting shrine"

. Gokoo no Miya Jinja 御香宮神社 Goko no Miya Jinja . - Kyoto "Shrine of Fragrant Water"

. Go-Oo Jinja 護王神社 Kyoto. Goo Shrine

. Goryoo Jinja 御霊神社 Goryo Jinja . Kyoto. Shrines for the vengeful spirits (goryoo)
- - - - - Kami Goryo Shrine　上御霊神社
- - - - - Shimo Goryo Shrine下御霊神社
- - - - - . 御霊神社 Goryo Jinja, Sakanoshita Kamakura .

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- - - - - - - - - - Buddhist Temples - - - - - - - - - -

. Gakuenji 鰐淵寺 Gakuen-Ji . - Izumo

. Gangooji 元興寺 Gango-Ji . Nara

. Ganjooji 願成寺 Ganjo-Ji . - Ibaraki
板橋不動院 Itabashi Fudo-In

. Ganjoojuin 願成就院 Ganjoju- In . - Shizuoka. Fudo

. Gankooji 願興寺 Ganko-Ji . - Gifu
Kani Yakushi 蟹薬師 "Crab Yakushi"

. Ganzooji, Ganzōji 岩蔵寺 Ganzo-Ji . - Iwanuma, Miyagi - Yakushi

. Gaya-In 伽耶院 Gaya In - Hyogo .

. Gedatsuji 解脱寺 Gedatsu-Ji . Nagoya, Aichi

. Genkakuji 源覚寺 Genkaku-Ji - and Konnyaku Enma　蒟蒻閻魔 . - Tokyo

. Gesshooji 月照寺 Gessho-Ji .

Gikeiji 義経寺 Gikei-Ji at Minmaya 三厩村 - Dragon Horse Temple　龍馬山 Iwate
related to 源の義経　Minamoto no Yoshitsune

Ginkaku-Ji, Kinkaku-Ji 銀閣寺、金閣寺 Kyoto

. Gionji 祇園寺 Gion-Ji, . - Yakushi

. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo . - Pilgrimage

. Goji-In 護持院 . Edo / Tokyo

. Gokokuin 護国院 Gokoku-In . Ajima, Nagoya

. Gokokuji 護国寺 Gokoku-Ji . - Otowa, Tokyo

. Gokurakuji 極楽寺 Gokuraku-Ji . - Kamakura

. Gokurakuji 極楽寺 Gokuraku-Ji . - Mie, Fudo

. Gokurakuji 極楽寺 Gokuraku-Ji . - Miyazaki. Fudo

. Gokurakukji 極楽寺 Gokuraku-Ji . - Shikoku Henro 02

. Gokurakuji 極楽寺 Gokuraku-Ji . - Yakushi, Kyushu

. Gootokuji 豪徳寺 Gotoku-Ji . - Setagaya, Tokyo- Manekineko

. Gotanjoji 御誕生寺　Gotanjo-Ji - nekodera 猫寺 "Cat Temple" . - Fukui

. Gumonji 求聞寺 Gumon-Ji . - Tsugaru, Aomori
..... Kokuzo Bosatsu 虚空蔵菩薩 - 百沢寺求聞持堂 Hyakutaku-Ji, Gumonji-Do.

. Gumyooji 弘明寺 Gumyo-Ji .


. Gyooganji 行元寺 Gyogan-Ji . Yakushi

. Gyokkeiji 玉桂寺 Gyokkei-Ji Akibasan, Shigaraki 秋葉山 . Fudo

. Gyookooji 行弘寺 Gyoko-Ji . Fudo

. Gyokuhooji 玉鳳寺 Gyokuho-Ji - Kyoto .

. Gyokuryuuji 玉竜寺 Gyokuryu-Ji "Pearl Dragon Temple" .

. Gyokusenji 玉川寺 Gyokusen-Ji . Mount Haguro　羽黒山. Yamagata

. Gyokusenji 玉泉寺 Gyokusen-Ji . Kannon, Kazusa

. Gyokusenji 玉泉寺 Gyokusen-Ji . Kannon, Terayatsu

. Gyokuzooin 玉蔵院 Gyokuzo-In . - Fudo, Saitama

. Gyokuzooji 玉蔵寺 Gyokuzo-Ji . - Akita
- - - - - 鯉川不動尊 Koikawa Fudo

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. - Glossary - Technical Terms - .
Buddhist and Shinto.
see also the ABC index of this BLOG.


. garan 伽藍 temple compound .
shichidoo garan 七堂伽藍

. Gennō Shinshō 源翁心昭 Genno Shinsho / 源翁禅師 Genno Zenji / .
- founded many temples 總持寺, 永泉寺, 退休寺, 源翁寺, 金山寺, 雲泉寺, 温泉寺, 泉渓寺, 慶徳寺, 安穏寺, 護法山示現寺 and the "murder stone" 殺生石, 示現寺 Jigen-Ji with his grave, 東光寺, 最禅寺, 化生寺, 玉泉寺, 慶徳寺

. Genzu Mandala 現図曼荼羅 "Original Mandala" .

. gongen 権現 Shinto Deities and their Buddhist Counterparts .

. gooma-in 降魔印 goma-in, mudra for subjugating demons .
..... shokuchi-in　触地印
..... Gōma Fudō 降魔不動尊 Goma Fudo statues

. goosha．gōsha　 郷社 Gosha, "villge shrine" rural district shrine .

. gosekku 五節句 five seasonal festivals .
on days with double-prime numbers of the lunar months

. guchikiki 愚痴聞き guchi-kiki deities to listen to complaints .

. gumonjihoo, Gumonjihō 求聞持法 Gumonji-Ho ritual to improve the memory .
..... and Kokūzō Bosatsu 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu

. gyogyōshin, gogyooshin 漁業神　Gyogyoshin deities for fishing .

. Gyooki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 Gyoki Bosatsu .
(668-749 AD) Gyōki, Gyōgi

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geku - naiku - Ise

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gekuu, gekū 外宮 Geku Outer shrine complex of Ise
lower shrine (geguu, gegu)


Geku - by 河鍋暁斎 Kawanabe Kyosai


quote
The Grand Shrines of Ise are known for the ten betsugū of the Inner Shrine (Naikū (内宮)
and the four of the Outer Shrine (Gekū);
these detached shrines possess a unique relationship to the rituals or objects of worship (saijin) of the main shrines, and are thus given the title of gū (originally a "palace," a term reserved for shrines of particularly high status). These shrines are also rebuilt every twenty years in the same manner as the regular removals (shikinen sengū ) of the main shrines.
source : Inoue Nobutaka , Kokugakuin


gekuu shintoo 外宮神道, Ise shintoo 伊勢神道 Shinto of Ise shrine

Toyouke Daijinguu 豊受大神宮
Watarai no Miya, Wataraiguu, Wataraigū 度会宮（わたらいのみや）、豊受宮

Watarai Shinto　度会神道
- reference source : kokugakuin -



quote
The official name of the Geku is Toyoukedaijingu.



The kami of the Geku is Toyouke Omikami, who is responsible for the food of Amaterasu Omikami. She is also the kami for food, clothing, and shelter.
The Geku was founded about 1500 years ago. The 21th Emperor Yuryaku had a dream of Amaterasu Omikami in which the deity revealed that she could not properly secure her meals and therefore asked the Emperor to bring Toyouke Omikami from Tanba (currently, northern part of Kyoto prefecture) to take care of her food. After awaking from the dream, the Emperor Yuryaku took to heart what he had heard from Amaterasu Omikami, built a magnificent dwelling place and brought Toyouke Omikami here. This was the founding of the Geku.
Since then, for about 1500 years, Toyouke Omikami has been serving the meals to Amaterasu Omikami, in what is called the Higoto-Asayu-Omikesai, a ceremony distinctive to the Geku. Throughout the year, the rites at the Geku are conducted in the same way as at the Naiku.

Daiichi-torii-guchi Sando, Main Pilgrimage Path to Geku - 第一鳥居口参道
Font for ablution (Temizusha, temizuya) 手水舎
Kitamikado-guchi Sando, Pilgrimage Path at the North Sacred Gateway 北御門口参道
Purification Hall (Saikan) and Hall for visitors from the Imperial Household (Anzaisho)
Hall for special prayer at Geku (Kaguraden) 外宮神楽殿(げくうかぐらでん)


Geku, main sanctuary (Toyoukedaijingu)

Main sanctuary building, Geku (Geku Goshoden) 正宮

Taka-no-miya 多賀宮
Tsuchi-no-miya 土宮
Tsukiyomi-no-miya 月夜見宮
- - - 月夜見尊(つきよみのみこと) / 　月夜見尊荒御魂(つきよみのみことのあらみたま)
Kaze-no-miya 風宮
- - - 級長津彦命(しなつひこのみこと) / 　級長戸辺命(しなとべのみこと)


. Tsukiyomi 月読 / 月夜見 (つきよみ) "Moon Deity" .

Jingu Administration Office(c) Jingu-shicho
source : isejingu.or.jp/english/gegu


. temizuya 手水舎　purification font, purification trough .
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naikuu, naikū 内宮 Naiku Inner shrine complex of Ise
naiguu, naigu

quote
The official name of Naiku is Kotaijingu.　皇大神宮
The main deity is Amaterasu Omikami, the ancestor of the Imperial Family and the tutelary kami of the Japanese people. Naiku was founded about 2000 years ago. Worship of Amaterasu Omikami was conducted by the first ten Emperors within the Imperial Palace in Yamato. At the age of Emperor Sujin the country was struck by severe epidemics and numerous other disasters. Therefore, the Emperor gave Princess Toyosukiirihime-no-mikoto an order to remove Amaterasu Omikami from the Imperial Palace and worship her at another place. Consequently, Amaterasu Omikami was enshrined at a location in the eastern Nara Basin.

Next emperor Suinin gave Princess Yamatohime-no-mikoto an order to find the most suitable permanent location to hold ceremonies for Amaterasu Omikami. The princess left Yamato, arriving finally at Ise after having wandered through the regions of Ohmi and Mino. At Ise, she heard the voice of Amaterasu Omikami, saying "I wish to live forever here in Ise, where the wind of kami blows, the country blessed with the rich resources of the mountains and the sea." Yamatohime-no-mikoto decided to build a magnificent sanctuary at Ise to hold ceremonies for Amaterasu Omikami forever. This was the beginning of Naiku. Ever since, for 2000 years, Amaterasu Omikami has been worshiped in Ise by the Japanese people and the Emperor, in ceremonies led by the Jingu Shinto priests.

Uji Bridge 宇治橋
Font for ablution (Temizusha 手水舎)
The Purification Hall (Saikan) and the Hall for visitors from the Imperial Household (Anzaisho)
The Isuzu River and the Mitarashi, the place for ablution 五十鈴川と御手洗場(みたらし)
Hall for special prayer at Naiku (Kaguraden 内宮神楽殿)
- Kazahi no Mi no Miya Mihashi bridge 風日祈宮御橋(かざひのみのみやみはし)
Hall of the sacred fire to prepare the food for the kami (Imibiyaden 忌火屋殿)
Naiku, main sanctuary (Kotaijingu) - 正宮

Aramatsuri no Miya 荒祭宮
Tsukuyomi no Aramitama ni Miya 月讀荒御魂宮
Takihara no Miya 瀧原宮
Izawa no Miya 　伊雑宮
Kazahi no Mi no Miya 風日祈宮
Yamatohime no Miya 倭姫宮(やまとひめのみや)
source : www.isejingu.or.jp/english/naigu


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. Toyouke Oomikami 豊受大神 Toyouke Omikami .
Toyoukehime no Kami - "The Great Deity that gives Bountiful"
The goddess of agriculture and industry in the Shinto religion.
She offers food to Amaterasu.


The Grand Shrine at Ise is closely related to the rice culture of Japan, with its own rice fields for ritual purposes and a "sacred dining hall" for the deities.
. Ise Jinguu 伊勢神宮 Ise Jingu, Ise Grand Shrine .


. betsuguu, betsugū　別宮 Betsugu separate shrines .


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .


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外宮さんの春あかつきの鳶の笛
geku san no haru akatsuki no tobi no fue

as proof of spring
at the Outer Shrine
the call of a black kite

Yamada Mizue 山田みづえ


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初鶏の胸張り歩む外宮かな
hatsu tori no mune hari ayumu gekuu kana

the first chicken
walks proudly around
at the Outer Shrine . . .

Kobashi Chinatsu 小橋千夏

hatsutori 初鶏 the first chicken or cock seen in the new year. It is also the first "day of the chicken" in the lunar calendar system.


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内宮も外宮の方もどんどかな
naikuu mo geku no hoo mo dondo kana

at the Inner Shrine
and at the Outer Shrine too
it goes boom! boom! . . .

Momiyama Kooji 籾山柑子 Momiyama Koji

During a festival, the sound of drums can be heared.


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一群の鴨内宮の日暮飛ぶ
hitomure no kamo naikuu no higure tobu

a flock of ducks
flies into the sunset
of the Inner Shrine

Ushiro Boseki 右城暮石 (1899 - 1995)
Haiku Poet from Kochi, Nagaoka

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source :　toukai/mie/ise/isejingu/travelogue


千木高き伊勢内宮の秋の蝉
chigi takaki Ise Naikuu no aki no semi

high roof beams -
the cicadas of autumn
at Ise Inner Shrine

Nakai Kumiko 中井久美子


. WKD : chigi 千木 "1000 roof beams" .


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水澄むや内宮へ木の橋匂ふ
mizu sumu ya naikuu e ki no hashi niou

clear water of autumn -
to the Inner Shrine the fragrance
of the wooden bridge

Moritaka Takeo 森高武雄



source :　travel.yoitokose.jp
Ujibashi 宇治橋 bridge Ujibashi


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. Ise Jinguu 伊勢神宮 Ise Jingu, Ise Grand Shrine .

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .


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Gokoku Jinja

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Gokoku Jinja 護国神社 Gokoku Shrine
shookonsha 招魂社 "spirit-inviting shrine" - Shokon Shrine



Gokoku Shrine of Hyogo prefecture in Himeji - 兵庫縣姫路護國神社


quote
Gokoku jinja
"Shrines for the protection of the nation,"
shrines dedicated to the spirits of individuals who died in Japanese wars from the end of the early modern period through World War II. Throughout most of the prewar period these shrines were known as shōkonsha or " spirit-inviting shrines," but all shōkonsha (over one hundred) built since the Meiji period were renamed gokoku jinja in 1939 following a Home Ministry ordinance issued that year.

The ordinance divided the shrines into two categories:
"specially selected gokoku jinja" designated by the Home Minister, and other gokoku jinja not so designated.

The "designated" shrines were in principle limited to one per prefecture, and the enshrined spirits (saijin) were likewise limited to those of people who had resided inside the respective prefecture. Each shrine was staffed by one chief priest and several associate priests.

None of the shrines were assigned honorific ranks (shakaku) within the modern shrine ranking system (see kindai shakaku seido), yet the ministerially designated shrines received treatment as de facto "prefectural shrines," while the other, non-designated shrines were considered equivalent to "village shrines."

Following Japan's defeat in World War II, the shrines were placed under strict observation by the occupation armies, and many of the shrines changed their titles, though most have today reverted to their original names. Since the war's end, the shrines have been divorced from national administration and have followed the pattern of other shrines, registering themselves as religious juridical persons and becoming independent religious corporations under the umbrella of the Association of Shinto Shrines (Jinja Honchō). In most cases, they have added to their lists of enshrined kami individuals who have died in service to local public organizations.
Tokyo's Yasukuni Jinja acted as the central or home shrine for gokoku jinja nationwide.
source : Inoue Nobutaka, Kokugakuin 2005



. Yasukuni Shrine 靖国神社 Yasukuni Jinja . Tokyo
Yasukuni matsuri 靖国祭 Yasukuni shrine festival
Shookonsai 招魂祭（しょうこんさい） Shokonsai, "soul summoning rite", "spirit inviting rite"

April 21 till 23 Shunki Reitaisai (Annual Spring Festival)
Purification ritual in the afternoon of 21. - Official prayers for the Dead on 22.



. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

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source :　isaniha.exblog.jp
sunset behind Gokoku shrine, Matsuyama


夕焼けて護国神社の裏しづか
yuuyakete Gokoku jinja no ura shizuka

at sunset
the back of the Gokoku shrine
is so quiet

. 飯田龍太 Iida Ryuta .


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source :　www.mapple.net/spots
Hida Takayama Gokoku Jinja, Gifu
岐阜県高山市堀端町90


高山の護国神社の栗小粒
Takayama no Gokoku jinja no kuri kotsubu

at the shrine
Gokoku jinja in Takayama
the chestnuts are small




source :　www.city.saga.lg.jp
Gokoku jinja in Saga town 佐賀県護国神社 with old camphor trees


楠かほる護国神社に詣づらく
kuzu kahoru Gokoku jinja no moodezuraku

fragrance of camphor -
the Gokoku shrine is difficult
to visit

. WKD : kusunoki 楠木 camphor tree .


Takazawa Ryooichi 高澤良一 Takazawa Ryoichi


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shookonsha 招魂社 "spirit-inviting shrine" - Shokon shrine


source :　川端たぬき
勝平得之「招魂社」（千秋公園八景）昭和八年
Painting from Showa 8. Chiaki Park, Akita - by Katsuhira Tokushi (1904 - 1970)

You can also see the cannon at the left side.


午砲まで蝉の鳴き降る招魂社
gohoo made semi no nakifuru shookonsha

till the midday cannon
there are only the cicadas shrilling
at the Shokon shrine . . .

. Tsukushi Bansei 筑紫磐井 .

Since 1871 it was customary to have a canon fired at 12:00 midday at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo to tell the time to the citizens.
In 1929 this custom was stopped and a siren sounded instead.


In the Edo period, when people did not own clocks, it was customary to ring the temple bell.
. toki no kane 時の鐘 the bell for telling time .


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寒紅梅馥郁として招魂社
kankoobai fujuiku to shite shookonsha

red plum blossoms in the cold
are just so fragrant -
Shokon Shrine

. Takahama Kyoshi 高浜虚子 .



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