Showing posts with label - - Ta no Kami - -. Show all posts
Showing posts with label - - Ta no Kami - -. Show all posts

01/01/2018

Yamanokami Tanokami collecting

. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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- collecting for Yamanokami and Tanokami -

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Tanokami Jinja "田の神神社"
. Iwate 岩手県 Tono .



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- Saitama 埼玉県 -


山の神


田の神

境内の妙見堂階段下に山の神(やまのかみ)の社があります。元々は近くの林の中に祀られていました。

埼玉県飯能市(はんのうし)平松376番地 // 376 Hiramatsu, Hanno-shi, Saitama
- reference source : 円泉寺 Ensen-Ji -


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- #collecting -
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12/10/2017

tanokami inoko legends

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Ta no Kami 田の神 - Table of Contents .
. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .
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Ta no Kami, Tanokami 田の神 God of the Rice Fields
and inoko 亥の子 / イノコ / 亥子 the "young wild boar"


Tanokami is also called inokami, i no kami 亥の神 God of the Boar

. inoko, i no ko 亥の子 (いのこ) young wild boar .
observance kigo for early winter - and Marishi-Ten

The day of the boar in the tenth lunar month. In 2017, it is the 8th of November.
This month is also called inotsuki 亥の月 month of the boar.
Rituals on this day are more common in Western Japan.



inoko, i no ko 亥の子 (いのこ) young wild boar
i no hi matsuri 亥の日祭(いのひまつり)festival on the day of the boar
i no kami matsuri 亥の神祭 festival for the deity of the wild boar

inoko mochi 亥の子餅(いのこもち)rice cakes for the wild boar festival
They were prepared in the hour of the boar and eaten as a harvest thanksgiving. This a custom coming from China. Here the deity honored is also seen as the God of the Fields (ta no kami).
Many tea masters close the summer hearth on this day.

inoko ishi 亥の子石(いのこいし)Inoko stone
inokozuki 亥の子突(いのこづき)hit the ground
gencho 玄猪(げんちょ) / gogenjoo 御厳重(ごげんじゅう)
..... genshoo 厳祥(げんしょう)
onarikiri おなりきり

Inoko is a festival on 旧暦10月の亥の日 the day of the wild boar in the tenth lunar month.
On this day 田の神 the Ta no Kami - God of the Fields goes back to the mountains.
While pounding the earth with a special mallet on long strings, the children sing the Inoko song:

祝わんものは鬼うめ蛇うめ、角の生えた子うめ



Today we celebrate, bury the Oni demons in the ground,
bury the snakes in the ground,
bury demon children with horns in the ground."


On this day people are also not allowed to go to the fields to pick daikon 大根 large radish.

. oni 鬼 the Demons of Japan .




Interpreting Japanese Society: Anthropological Approaches - edited by Joy Hendry
- books.google.co : inoko -

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inoko mochi, i no ko mochi 亥の子餅 rice cakes for the boar festival



They were prepared in the hour of the boar and eaten as a harvest thanksgiving. This a custom coming from China.
They were thought to prevent illness, especially the common cold in winter and would bring many children to the family.
Here the deity honored is also seen as the God of the Fields (ta no kami).

Festival of the Goddess 摩利支天 Marishi Ten and her animal, the Wild Boar.



. kaze no kami 風邪の神 Deity of the common cold - Legends .

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inoko ishi 亥の子石 Inoko stone

at 峠条 Taojo, Hiroshima



The stone looks almost like a matsutake 松茸 mushroom. Its head has a diameter of 20 cm and the length is 40 cm.
It is 11,5 kg heavy. It is decorated with colorful paper ornaments and a lot of ropes.
While singing the inoko uta 亥の子唄 Inoko song,
it is carried to all the homes and hit on the floor of the entrance.
This purifying ritual is also called (as a pun)
inoko mochi o tsuku 亥の子餅をつく preparing Inoko mochi.

In 船越 Funakoshi this ritual was called
kenka inoko ケンカ亥の子 fighting of the Inoko

inoko uta 亥の子唄 Inoko song - with many versions - and further information
- reference source : 13.plala.or.jp/discover-fnks...-



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inoko iwai 亥の子祝い celebrating Inoko



- reference source : K.やまだ in SAGA  -

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. toshitokujin 歳德神 Toshitoku Jin, God of the Year .
Another name for Tanokami.
Toshitoku san トシトクさん in Hiroshima (see below)

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

Some legends are related to taboos concerning the daikon 大根 radish.
The common theme is:
People should not cut radish on the day of Inoko, because if someone hears the sound of cutting, he will die.
Farmers are also not allowed to go into 大根畑 the radish fields to pull radishes.

. daikon 大根 radish legends .

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hebi 蛇 snakes and oni 鬼 demons
On the evening of the Inoko day, young men walk around the village to homes where a baby boy was born this year.
If the family does not give them some money, they shout:

亥の子の晩に祝わん者は鬼産め蛇産め
Families who do not celebrate the Inoko evening
will have a Demon child, will have a Snake child !




....................................................................... Ehime 愛媛県 .....

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今治市 Imabara 玉川町 Tamagawa

The Kotatsu heater is first used on the day of Inoko.
If people celebrate Inoko, they will be blessed for one year.
If people eat eggplants on this day, 風邪の神様 the Deity of common cold disease will come to stay in the house.



. kotatsu コタツ 炬燵 こたつ, おこた heatable table .

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北宇和郡 Kitauwa district

愛媛県北宇和郡日吉村下鍵山 - ほんとは幟もある
- reference source photos : lupus.is.kochi-u.ac.jp/shiota... -

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松山市 Matsuyama

hi no tama 火の玉 ball of fire
On the evening of the day of Inoko, children were walking around when someone called out to be careful of a ball of fire. It was almost blue and had a tail, passing slowly over the roofs of the village.

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南宇和郡 Minamuuwa district 愛南町 Ainan

yamainu, yama-inu 山犬 wolf
The wolves from the hamlet 油袋 Yutai.
If children bring Mochi after a birth and on the Inoko day, the wolves walk between their legs or jump over their heads as a blessing.
In 三瓶町 Mikame the wolves also just follow the children.

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越智郡 Ochi district 魚島村 Uoshima

nobori 幟 flag on a pole
On the day of Inoko fermers pray to the deities to prevent bad luck and offer them seeds of mugi 麦 barley.
If they do not do this, all their barley seeds will be lost, they will get ill and even die.

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温泉郡 Onsen district

On the day of Inoko, children walk past the homes and sing the Inoko song about snakes and demons.
- 亥の子亥の子、亥の子の晩に餅搗いて祝わぬ者は、鬼うめ蛇うめ、角の生えた子うめ -




....................................................................... Hiroshima 広島県 .....

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因島市 Innoshima

Toshitoku san トシトクさん Deity of the Year
He comes on the day of Inoko, therefore people leave the door open and also the kotatsu コタツ heated table for him to come and sit in the home.

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庄原市 Shobara 東城町 Tojo

daikon 大根 radish taboos




....................................................................... Kochi 高知県 .....

On the day of Inoko, people are not allowed to eat gokoku 五穀 the five grains:
soy, wheat, barley, proso millet, and foxtail millet.




....................................................................... Nara 奈良県 .....
大柳生町 Oyagyucho

kitsune キツネ fox
Before the war on the day of Inoko there was an exhibition of the village harvest of the year.
But the foxes built a long procession with lanterns and stole all the food.




....................................................................... Niigata 新潟県 .....
南魚沼郡 Minami-Uonuma district 六日町 Muika machi

留守居の神 rusui no kami,恵比寿様 Ebisu sama,便所の神 benjo no kami
On the day of Inoko people prepare Inoko dango 亥の子ダンゴ round rice dumplings.



When most of the Kami left for Izumo, only Ebisu and the Benjo no Kami of the Toilet stayed back in the homes. They were the rusui no kami, Gods keeping back home. For them, the round rice dumplings were an offering. Also called
inokori dango 居残りダンゴ round rice dumplings for those left behind.


. kannazuki, kaminazuki 神無月 かんなづき "Gods are absent" month .
The tenth lunar month (now November), after the harvest when the Japanese gods had done their duty, they left their local shrines for a bit of a vacation and went to the Izumo Shrine.




....................................................................... Okayama 岡山県 .....

On 亥の日 the day of the wild boar day in Northern Okayama, the weather usually turns bad with cold and rain.
This is called - inoko are 亥の子荒れ.

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勝田町 Katsuta

亥の子 inoko,産の神 san no kami,若年様 wakadoshisama,年神様 toshigamisama
The nando 納戸 storeroom of a house is often used as a bedroom for the young couple and a place to give birth. In the hamlet of 富坂 Tomisaka it is customary to have a shelf in a corner of this room and put offerings for Inoko there.
On another shelf san no kami 産の神 the Deity of Birth is celebrated.
In such a home, the deity of the new year is also celebrated as 若年様 wakadoshisama or 年神様 toshigamisama.

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真庭郡 Maniwa district 久世町 Kuse

oni オニ demons
On 亥の子の日 the day of Inoko, the farmers walk around the fields calling
イノコノヨウサ、イワワンモンハ、オニヲウメ、ジャヲウメ、ツノハエタコヲウメ
(The same song as given above.)
On the evening of this day people do not go to the radish fields . If someone hears the sound of a radish cut, he will die soon.

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新見市 Niimi city 哲西町 Tesseicho

daikon 大根 radish taboos

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総社市 Soja town

oni 鬼 demons
On the day of Inoko, when Tanokami goes back to become Yama no Kami, people sing the Inoko song
祝わんものは鬼うめ蛇うめ、角の生えた子うめ
(The same song as given above.)
and
daikon 大根 radish taboos



....................................................................... Saga 佐賀県 .....
唐津 Karatsu

- quote -
Inoko Matsuri (young boar festival)
handed down to the Kitahata-Kamihirano region of Karatsu City is held on the day of the Boar of the lunar calendar. By around the end of the Meiji era, the Inoko-ishi (stone) was pounded around in each region but this tradition gradually faded and presently, in the Kamihirano region only, the event is handed down. At the time of the first Inoko, the people were glad at the birth of a boy while at the time of the second Inoko, the birth of a girl was welcomed. Children holding the inoko-ishi stone visit each home of the region, sing a festive song, and pound the stone.



Inoko Tsunahiki (tugs-of-war of young boars)
handed down in Uwaba, Chinzei-machi, Karatsu City was originally performed in order to boost the morale of the people of the region on the October day of the boar, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi dispatched troops to Korea, and the event has since been performed to date in order to celebrate the harvest. Sixty to ninety pieces of agricultural rope are twisted together to make two ropes 60 cm in diameter and 60 meters long, which are bound together at the center to form a rope with a total extended length of about 100 meters. After holding divine service, the people are divided into upper and lower groups and engage in a tug of war. Presently, three tugs of war are held at the signal of fireworks.
(Event-holding date: Second Saturday of November)
- source : bunkashisan.ne.jp/search -




....................................................................... Shimane 島根県 .....
大田市 Oda city 安濃郡 Ano district 富山村 Tomiyama mura

daikon 大根 radish taboos

The Kotatsu heater is first used. This will protect the home from fire and disaster.






....................................................................... Tokyo 東京都 .....
多摩村 Tama

daikon 大根 radish taboos

botamochi ボタモチ rice cakes



Botamochi are given to エビス様 Ebisu.

On the day of Inoko, a frog puts some Botamochi in a box and carries them on his back to the Daikon fields. The Daikon are already waiting and stick out their heads, calling
moo inoko ka もう亥の子か "Is is already Inoko time?"
(a pun with moo ii kai? in a children's game).


. botamochi ぼた餅 / 牡丹餅 "peony cakes .
round rice cakes covered with sweet anko powder.




....................................................................... Tottori 鳥取県 .....
東伯郡 Tohaku district 琴浦町 Kotoura

inoko san 亥の子さん,Tanokami san 田の神さん
Inoko san is another name for Tanokami. In February on 亥の日 the day of the boar it comes down from 神棚 the Shelf of the Gods in the home and goes out to the fields.
On the day of the boar in the 10th lunar month, people offer fresh 餅 mochi rice cakes on the Shelf to welcome it back. The mortar for making Mochi must be washed clean and kept outside until the morning so that the "Young Wild Boar" can touch it and make sure it is his own home.


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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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inoko matsuri 亥の子まつり Inoko festival
The story about a boar who died through a ruse of the landlord
Once upon a time in a village in 天草 Amakusa
There lived a mean landlord and his mean daughter. The landlord used to lend money to people. On his land there was a huge boulder, which he could not move away by himself.
So he spread the word he would give his daughter as wife to anyone who would move the boulder.
But, well, the daughter of the mean landlord, nobody wanted her.
There came only one boar willing to do the job. The angry landlord spread another message "I give my daughter all all my riches to the one who moves the boulder!"
Now a few men came, but
not even the strongest man could move the boulder and in the end it was the boar who moved the boulder.
The landlord had to keep his word and let the daughter go as bride with the wild boar.
The happy boar put the bride on his back and gallopped back to his mountain. But as he was running, the mean daughter took a fire stone and straw, lit a fire and burned the back of the animal. Jumping in pain the boar fell from a cliff and died on the spot.
This episode made the rounds in the village and all felt sorry for the boar.
So they decided to have a festival for it on the Day of the Boar in October.

Nihon Mukashibanashi from the Oniike area, Amakusa Kumamoto 鬼池エリア
- reference source : nihon.syoukoukai.com/module -


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. 12 Zociac animals 干支 eto, kanshi .
signs of the zodiac in Chinese astrology
. i (inoshishi) 亥 Boar (wild boar) .


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. Ta no Kami 田の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

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sangaku shinkoo 山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

. kami 神 Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #tanokamiinoko #godofthefields ##inoko #wildboar -
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10/10/2017

tanokami yamanokami okoze legends

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Ta no Kami 田の神 - Table of Contents .
. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .
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Yama no Kami 山の神, Yamanokami, God of the Mountain
and legends about okoze 虎魚 / 鰧魚 / オコゼ / ヲコゼ stonefish
okojo オコジョ dried Okoze, in some local dialects

- - - Okojo is also the name of a short-tailed weasel, see below.

The alter-ego of this deity in summer is
. Ta no Kami, Tanokami 田の神 God of the Rice Fields .

Yama no Kami - Deity of the Mountains - is also living in other mountains of Japan.
There are various traditions connected with the worship of this yama no kami, but the practice of offering an ocean fish called okoze is particularly widespread.

Once 山の神と海の神 the Kami of the Mountain and the Kami of the Sea had a fight and because of Okoze,
Yamanokami, the Kami of the Mountain won.
Since that event, Yamanokami likes Okoze.

. okoze 虎魚 (おこぜ, オコゼ ) stonefis, sting fish .
Goliath Tiger fish 乕魚 - Steinfisch, Kaulkopf, Spinnenfisch
- kigo for all summer -

There are two species of 'stonefish', Synanceja verrucosa and Syanaceja horrida also known as the the reef stone or dornorn.




oniokoze, oni-okoze オニオコゼ(鬼鰧、鬼虎魚) devil stonefish, devil stinger
Inimicus japonicus


Some legends about Okoze are related to giving birth and child rearing.


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okojo オコジョ dried Okoze fish, in some local dialects. Not to mix with

- - - Okojo the name of a short-tailed weasel, stoat or ferret.
As such Okojo is 山の神の使い the messenger of Yamanokami.



hondo okojo ホンドオコジョ Mustela erminea nippon




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okoze 虎魚 / 鰧魚 / オコゼ / ヲコゼ stonefish






. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

kamadogami 竈神 Kami of the hearth
In some hamlets of Eastern Okayama if people feel a fever coming, they make an offering of 鰧魚 Okoze to the Hearth Deity and feel healed soon.
The Hearth Deity loves Okoze and does not like any other fish.

. kamadogami 竈神 God of the Hearth .
- Kamagami 釜神 The Hearth Deity -

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yamagami 山神 Mountain Kami
If people lost something in the mountain and do not remember where to look for it, they have to take some 鰧魚 Okoze and go back to the mountain. Once they found their lost item, they put the fish there as an offering.

When lumberjacks go to the mountain to look for some especially fine lumber, they bring an offering of Okoze.



....................................................................... Akita 秋田県 .....
仙北郡 Senboku district

山の神様 Yama no Kamisama
This female deity likes オコジ Okoji (虎魚, okoze, stonefish).
This deity also helps with giving birth and if a birth is difficult, people have to go to the mountain to call her down for help. But she dislikes 産火 fire used during birth. Family members where a birth has occurred are not allowed to go into the mountain for one week.

On the other hand,
Okoze does not like Yamanokami and does not want to be carried over the mountains.




....................................................................... Ehime 愛媛県 .....
今治市 Imabara 玉川町 Tamagawa

yama no kami 山の神
Yamanokami likes Okoze, but since the cats sometimes steal his fish, she dislikes cats. So lumberjacks are not allowed to talk about cats while at work in a mountain forest.

If hunters did not get much, they come back with an offering of Okoze and cast a spell:
"Dear Yamanokami, if you provide a good hunt for us, we will give you all this Okoze."
Thus the greedy Yamanokami will grant their wish.

A tree with two main stems is called Yamanokami no Hashigi 山の神のはしぎ "chopsticks of Yamanokami"
It is taboo to cut it town.

. Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain - Legends from Ehime .





....................................................................... Fukui 福井県 .....
- and Tokyo 東京都

Eating Okoze after giving birth makes the mother milk flow in abundance.


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....................................................................... Fukushima 福島県 .....

Yamanokami is a very ugly female deity. On days of no hunting people bring Okoze as an offering.
They also pray that the Okoze offerings may be eaten by bears and thus keep them from attacking the hunters.
Some carry one Okoze in their breast pocket and let the face hang out to be seen by Yamanokami.





....................................................................... Gunma 群馬県 .....
碓氷郡 Usui district 松井田町 Matsuida

yama no kami 山の神
Dried Okoze fish is called okojo オコジョ.
If people have to walk through the mountains, they bring an offering of Okojo.

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利根郡 Tone district 片品町 Katashina

okojo オコジョ Okojo weasel
A hunter caught a weasel and cut its tail off. The animal did not die and he cut it three more times before it stopped moving.
On that day, his wife got lost in the mountains and spent two days without food.
If someone sees an Okojo weasel, there might a Yokai monster coming to visit him.




....................................................................... Kumamoto 熊本県 .....
八代 Yatsushiro 東陽村 Toyo

yamawaro ヤマワロ Kappa
He sometimes comes to help lumberjacks with their work.
To thank him, they give him オコゼと酒 Okoze fish and Sake rice wine.

. Yama-Waro やまわろ / ヤマワロ / 山童 Child of the Mountain .
the alter-ego of Kappa 河童 "Child of the River"


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Imojochu liquor, Yamanashi 山梨の芋焼酎

. imojoochuu 甘藷焼酎, 芋焼酎 Shochu Shnaps from sweet potatoes .


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....................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県 .....

yamanokami 山ノ神
If the Matagi bear hunters do not find an animal, the leader takes a piece of Okoze meat wrapped in white ritual paper out of his pocket and offers it to Yamanokami.
And - oh wonder - they soon find their pray.

. matagi タギ professional bear hunters .



....................................................................... Nagano 長野県 .....

okojo オコジョ Okojo weasel
Okojo is 山の神の使い the messenger of Yamanokami. It lives near water and does not mind the presence of humans, but disliked dogs.
As a Messenger of the deity it is not hunted.

okojosama オコジョサマ Okojo sama
In 諏訪地方 the area of Suwa, if people see a weasel while on their way to the forest, this will bring bad luck and they go back home for this day.
Once a hunter went up to 釜無山 Kamanashiyama, saw a weasel on the way but ignored it. Further on he was assaulted by a huge bear.




....................................................................... Nara 奈良県 .....
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吉野郡 Yoshino district 天川村 Tenkawa village

Some villagers see the Tengu as Yamanokami and call him グヒンサン Guhin san.
Others call him おこんぜ Okonze, O-Konze.



....................................................................... Niigata 新潟県 .....

As an amulet to prevent fire disasters, the head of Okoze fish is hung at the entrance of the home.
If stung by a bee or wasp, there are some spells to use, incorporating the Okoze fish.

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三島郡 Mishima district 寺泊町 Teradomari

Being stung by an Okoze fish, people use the pubic hair of a woman, spread it on some rice with 糊 Nori seaweed and put it on the stings.

.......................................................................
上越市 Joetsu city

After a birth if the mother does not have enough breast milk, some Okoze fish is put into Miso soup to drink.



....................................................................... Shiga 滋賀県 .....
甲賀郡 Koka district

yamanokami and mizunokami 山神と水神 Yama no Kami, Kami of the mountain
and his rival Mizu no Kami, Kami of the water

At the shrine 笠山神社 / 瘡山神社 Kasayama Jinja in Kitasoma village there is a legend about Yamanokami and Mizunokami.
They compared the number of their kenzoku 眷属 followers and servants and found they both had the same number.
But later by chance Okoze fish was found and the Kami of Water won.
Since that time,
to make the Kami of the Mountain feel good, people bring offerings of votive tablets with an Okoze painting.



- 瘡山神社
- reference source : norichan.jp/jinja/kenkou2/kasayama... -




....................................................................... 島根県 Shimane .....

If a cow gets lost in the mountain pasture, farmers bring an offer of Okoze fish to make sure they will find it eventually.





....................................................................... Tokushima 徳島県 .....
三好郡 Miyoshi district

yama no kami 山の神
Since Yamanokami likes Okoze fish, hunters bring an offering before they go into the mountain. This will ensure a bountiful hunting expedition.




....................................................................... Toyama 富山県 .....

. Yamanokami no tsukai 山の神の使い the messenger of Yamanokami .




....................................................................... Wakayama 和歌山県 .....

yama no kamisama 山の神様
The 7th day of the 12th lunar month was the Day of Yamanokami.
Since Yamanokami is on his way back to the stars for his winter rest, hunters offer the head of a really ugly-looking Okoze fish to stare at him on his way.



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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -





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. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

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sangaku shinkoo 山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

. kami 神 Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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- #tanokamiokoze #godofthefields #okoze #stonefish #okoji #weasel #ferret -
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30/08/2017

Tanokami mai dance

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .
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Ta no Kami Mai, Tanokami Mai 田の神舞 Dance Rituals for Tanokami
and Yama no Kami 山の神 


Some are quite funny . . .



湯之尾神舞 At Yunoo Hot Spring in Kagoshima

. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


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- - - - - Kagoshima - - - - -



. Kagoshima Jingu 鹿児島神宮 Festival .

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an agricultural Ta-no-Mai 田の舞 Ta no Mai dance

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田の神舞 kagura 神楽 Kagura dance

Hayachine Kagura "Yama no Kami Mai"

Ta no Kami Men 田神面 / 田の神面 masks for Kagura dance

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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sangaku shinkoo 山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

. kami 神 Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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29/08/2017

Chijin Earth God

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jigami, jishin, chigami, chijin 地神 Kami of the Earth / the Land
Chiten, Jiten 地天 "Earth Deva"

- - - - - another name for
. Ta no Kami 田の神 God of the Fields .




- quote -
Ji-ten, whose name means "earth deva,"
guards the downward direction and is the god of the earth. He is also called Kenro chijin.

On the more down-to-earth animistic beliefs of rural Japan,  he comes as Yama no Kami and Ta no Kami, the God of the Mountains and the Fields, who changes his residence twice a year, retreating in autumn to the mountains and coming back in spring to the fields. This is a fascinating tale of its own.

In Shinto, when a mountain is considered an object of worship, a yamamiya may be established at the summit or on the side of the mountain, as at Sengen Jinja on Mt Fuji. In some cases, the yamamiya may be regarded as an "interior shrine" (okumiya) in contrast to a shrine located in a village (see satomiya) or lower on the mountain.
Some scholars see the yamamiya associated originally with ancestor worship, and thus also with the dual complex of mountain god (yama no kami) and rice field god (ta no kami).
- source : Kokugakuin


. Kenroo chijin 堅牢地神 Kenro Earth Deity .

.......................................................................

Jiten - Earth Deva; Skt : Prthivi


Guards the downward direction; god of the earth.

Jiten's counterpart is Bonten (Brahman), who guards the upward direction.
- source and more - Mark Schumacher


- - - - - More about
. 風水天地の神様 Gods of the four elements - wind, water, heaven, earth .


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- quote -
Jiten 地天(じてん)とか Kenro Jijin 堅牢地神(けんろうじじん)とよばれる地の神です。
お釈迦様がお悟りになられた時に地から湧出されたといわれる神さまです。
大地をあらわす花籠に花盛って手にしておられます。
地鎮祭(じちんさい)などで勧請して供養しその土地の安寧を祈ります。

おん びりちびえい そわか - on birichibiei sowaka
(おん普遍の諸仏に帰命す。びりちびえい地天のために、そわか成就あれ)
- reference source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/kanmankiriku...-


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .

. Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain - Legends .


....................................................................... Gunma 群馬県 .....
.......................................................................
甘楽郡 Kanra district 南牧村 Nanmoku

Jishin san 地神さん is venerated on the festival day of Yamanokami.
He gets offerings of 大根の初物 the first radish.




....................................................................... Kagoshima 鹿児島県 .....

. jigami 地神 / ジガン Jigan (in the local dialect) .

jigan 地眼(地元) "eyes of the land"
- 南の地神
- reference source : yatsu-genjin.jp/suwataisya/jinja/jigami -





....................................................................... Niigata 新潟県 .....

鬼神 Kijin,山の地神 Yama no Chijin
越後国古志郡国上の寺に塔を建てたが、三度落雷により倒壊した。ある僧が塔の側で法華経を誦したら雷鳴とともに童男が縛られて落ちてきた。童男はその地の地神で塔があると住めないので壊したと語った。冷泉を出すと赦してやると言ったら泉が湧き、四十里四方に雷が落ちなくなった。





....................................................................... Yamanashi 山梨県 .....
東八代郡 Higashi-Yatsushiro district 御坂町 Misakacho

At the graveyard, a bluish fire-light was seen every night. The villagers were afraid, thinking it was the soul of a villager and did not even dare to pass the road during daytime.
玉吉 Tamakichi wanted to see it for himself and went out one evening, carrying 地神の魂の扇 a hand fan with the soul of the Jigami in one hand. When he reached the graveyard, he could see the bluish light. While fanning with his hand fan he went closer. The ground of the grave was still fresh so Tamakich started to dig, found the coffin bound with a cord and pulled it up.
But it was not a coffin but a hookei 包茎 (the dictionary says: a phallus with phimosis).

here is another version of Tamakichi and jishin no oogi 地神の扇 the hand fan of Jishin.
夢のお告げを聞いた玉吉は、朝早くに万年橋に向かい、お告げ通り扇を手に入れた。家では長年家から出たことのない玉吉がいなくなったので大騒ぎをしていたが、ぼろぼろの扇で仰ぎながら帰ってきた。大水害の後で家は建て直したが地神は祭っていなかったので、早速屋敷神を祭って地神祭をした。しばらく後、玉吉は体も治り仕事をするようになった。村人がこれを聞き、病気になると扇であおいでもらうようになった。仰いでもらうと、すぐに病気は治ったという。

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -
63 to explore 地神 (01)
地神塔

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. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

. kami 神 Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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28/08/2017

Tanokami shanichi day of the shrine

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Ta no Kami, Tanokami 田の神 God of the Fields
Shanichi Sama, Shajitsu Sama 社日様 God of the Shrine Day
Sakugami Sama 作神様 God of the Harvest


- quote -
shanichi 社日
The tsuchinoe day nearest to the vernal and autumnal equinoxes; the "irregular holiday" (holidays celebrated on days when the sun is not situated at one of the 24 equal divisions of its annual orbit) celebrated on those two days.
Individually the two are called shunsha (the "vernal shanichi") and shūsha (the "autumnal shanichi"), but if one simply says shanichi then it usually refers to shunsha. On these days, people take a break from farming, and a custom of meeting in shanichikō (shanichi community associations) and chijinkō (earth kami community associations) also exists.
Also, the spring shanichi is considered to be the standard day for the soaking and softening of seeds.
In China, shanichi was the festival day for celebrating the sha (Ch: she), which refers to the "land kami," the "tribal kami," or the celebrations devoted to them. The date of shanichi celebrations in China varied by region and time period, but their functions generally have not: the spring shanichi was to pray for agricultural production and the autumn shanichi was to express gratitude for the harvest and to divine the coming harvest year.
Japan's shanichi celebrations also came from these traditions, but as it spread from region to region, the content of the events took on great variation.
For example, people living in Tokushima Prefecture have a custom in which they call on Ojishisama and celebrate that kami in parish festivals in which the tōya (secular households overseeing the ritual in their area) pounds mochi.
On shanichi, the people of Nagano Prefecture honor the ta no kami, or "kami of the fields," in their celebrations. They believe that in the spring, the ta no kami descends from the mountains to watch over the rice cultivation and returns again to the mountains in the fall, and worship him by pounding mochi in both spring and autumn.
In Oita Prefecture's Hida basin, people call this holiday "sajitsu," or "saji" and believe that on the saji in February, the kami Sakugamisama descends from heaven and in the autumn saji he ascends to heaven.
In part of Fukuoka Prefecture's Kaho District, people call it oshioi, and have a custom of purifying the house within and without using ocean sand brought home from the beach.
- reference source : Kokugakuin - Yumiyama Tatsuya 2007 -


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

....................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県 .....
栗原市 Kurihara

毘沙門様 Bishamon Sama
Bishamon Sama is a greedy deity. If one borrows money it has to be given back in double.
He is also seen as Sakugami.
On the 13th day of the first month, farmers place 20 soy beans into the hearth. If they all become black, it will be a good harvest this year.
If only half will get black, only half of the good harvest.
On the 15th day of the 6th month, cucumbers are offered in the hope they will induce 豊作 a good harvest.

. Bishamon-Ten 毘沙門天 Vaishravana .


....................................................................... Miyazaki 宮崎県 .....
西臼杵郡 Nishi-Usuki district 鞍岡町 Kuraoka

Daikoku Sama 大黒様 is seen as 作神様 Sakugami Sama.

. Daikoku Ten 大黒天 Daikoku Sama .


....................................................................... Nagasaki 長崎県 .....

Sakugami Sama is called セン神様 / センガミサマ Sengami Sama.


....................................................................... Niigata 新潟県 .....
南魚沼郡 Minami-Uonuma district 六日町 Muikamachi

社日様 Shajitsu Sama,田の神様 Tanokami Sama,作神様 Sakugami Sama
On the Day of the Shrine in Spring (shunsha 春社) (usually in the third month) in the early morning before the birds begin to sing, Tanokami is coming down. Since he likes fish, people make offerings of fish salad, fish soup and rice with soy beans. Farmers get up early and put 鍬 / 鋤 the hoes and plows outside the barn for blessings. This is an equivalent for the ritual tauchi 田打ち the first "hitting of the fields".
From the Shrine Day in spring until the Shrine Day in autumn (usually in the ninth month) the deity seen as 作柄 the supervisor of the harvest.
If the deity comes late in spring and leaves soon in autumn, it will be a good harvest, because this deity likes to eat a lot, and if he stays too long, the harvest will suffer.

シャジツサマ Shajitsu Sama
Rituals for this deity are held on the nearest 戊の日 Day of the Wild Boar close to the spring and autumn equinox.



- Related Kigo for Spring -
. shanichi, shajitsu 社日 "day of the shrine" .
..... "day of the shrine" shanichi 社日)、shanichi sama 社日様(しゃにちさま)
..... visiting the shrine day, shanichi moode 社日詣(
..... rain on the old man of the shrine, shaoo no ame 社翁の雨
..... swallows of the shrine, sha en 社燕
This day varies according to the Asian Lunar Calendar.

The god of the earth had a special festival twice a year around the spring and autumn equinox to welcome him and send him off. The day was defined to be the "light or elder day of the earth" tsuchi no e 戊, according to the Asian lunar calendar and the knowledge of the five elements.
This day is also called "Shrine Day" shanichi 社日. On this shrine day, farmers would assemble at the local shrine and dance for the gods, praying for a good harvest in spring (shunsha 春社)and thanking for a good harvest in autumn(shuusha 秋社 Shusha).
In autumn, the god of the earth was then sent off to the mountain, to live there until next spring as the "god of the mountain, yama no kami 山の神.

.......................................................................
東蒲原郡 Higashi-Kanbara district 鹿瀬町 Kanosemachi



On the evening of the 15th day of the second month in Spring 16 rice balls are made as an offering, 二月の十六団子 nigatsu no juuroku dango.
On the next morning, they are eaten by the family. Before eating them, the empty 臼 mortar is hit with the mallet to make a sound, in order to make the Sakugami come down from heaven.
In Autumn on the 15th day of the 10th month another set of 16 rice balls is prepared, this time the 十月の十六団子 juugatsu no juuroku dango.
This time the mortar is not hit with the mallet, but the mallet is simply laid over the mortar. This is put on a high place in the kitchen, to show the Sakugami the way back to heaven.

. dango 団子 and ritual offerings .

.......................................................................
佐渡郡 Sado district

シャニチサマ Shanichi Sama
Rituals for this deity are held on the nearest 戊の日 Day of the Wild Boar close to the spring and autumn equinox.
If the deity comes late in spring and leaves soon in autumn, it will be a good harvest, because this deity likes to eat a lot, and if he stays too long, the harvest will suffer.


....................................................................... Oita 大分県 .....
速見郡 Hayami district 日出町 Hiji

In the hamlet of 南畑部落 Nanbata Shanichi Sama is venerated as 田の守り神 the protector deity of the fields.


....................................................................... Shiga 佐賀県 .....
東松浦郡 Higashi-Matsuura district 鎮西町 Chinseicho

kitsune 狐 fox
Each farm house venerates 稲荷様 the rice Deity Inari sama as the Sakugami Sama on the day hatsu-uma 初午, the first day of the horse .
The Inari Kami of the 藤田家 Fujita family came from Kyoto

. hatsu-uma 初午 First Day of the Horse .
in February

Inari Jinja 稲荷神社 First Day of the Horse at Fox Shrines 

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -
社日様 / 作神様

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sangaku shinkoo 山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

. kami 神 Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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Tanokami, Yama no Kami Legends

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Ta no Kami, Tanokami 田の神 God of the Fields
Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain


. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

Many legends involve both names of this deity.
In some regions he is coming down to the fields three times a year to watch over the harvest.


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....................................................................... Fukui 福井県 .....

Most rice farming communities celebrate the departure of Tanokami after the harvest. Some have a special matsuri 祭り Tanokami festival, where children participate in a parade.
Children carry a kodomo mikoshi 子供神輿 protable shrine along the paths of the harvested fields, to express gratitude. Then they walk past each farming house and finally the Mikoshi is placed back in the shrine of the 氏神 Ujigami.



- quote -
The most important 15 villages are:
無悪、山内、長江、下吉田、上吉田、脇袋、瓜生、井ノ口、天徳寺、神谷、日笠、兼田、武生、玉置、上野木.

祭りの当日、子どもたちは集落の氏神にお参り、お祓いを受けた神輿(子ども達により事前に飾りつけられる)を先頭に、子ども達が並び、道中を賑やかに太鼓を叩き、「さんよーれー さんよーれー」等と掛け声をかけ、田植えの済んだ田んぼを見回り、その後各家を巡回する。訪問を受けた家では、安置された神輿に参拝し、お供えをする。集落の全戸を巡回すると神輿を氏神に納め祭りが終了する。
- reference source : info.pref.fukui.jp/bunka/bunkazai...-

. ujigami 氏神 and ujiko 氏子 local worshiper, parishioner of a Shinto shrine .


....................................................................... Niigata 新潟県 .....
南魚沼郡 Minami-Uonuma district 六日町 Muikamachi

. 社日様 Shajitsu Sama,田の神様 Tanokami Sama,作神様 Sakugami Sama .
Shajitsu Sama, Shanichi Sama 社日様 God of the Shrine Day
when this Kami comes down to the fields or leaves for the mountain



.......................................................................
北蒲原郡 Kita-Kanbara district 紫雲寺町 Shiunjimachi

koosaku no kamisama 耕作の神様 Kosaku no Kami, Deity of Cultivation
Tanokami comes down to the fields on the 16th of the third month and goes back to the mountain on the 16th of the 11th month.
On both days farmers are not allowed to go either to the mountain or to the fields. They prepare 16 botamochi - ohagi ボタモチおはぎ sweet rice balls as offerings on the kamidana 神棚 family shelf of the Gods. They also prepare sekihan 赤飯 auspicious red rice as an offering, finally eaten by the family.
Tanokami is seen as a Deity of Cultivation who resides in the mountain.
Even when he goes back to the mountain in Autumn he is not called 山の神 Yama no Kami.

. ohagi おはぎ sweet wrapped rice cakes .

.......................................................................
- - - - - A legend from Okinawa about Kosaku no Kami :

There is a kaiushi 怪牛 monster bull with eight horns and eight legs, sometimes even 16 legs (8 in front and 8 in back) called ナマントカナシ Namantokanashi.
It beats the fields with its many legs and is thus a 耕作の神様 Kosaku no Kami.



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. Takeminakata no Mikoto 津御名方命 as Deity of Cultivation .

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中蒲原郡 Naka-Kanbara district 村松町 Muramatsumachi

O-Ta no Kami お田の神 "Honorable Tanokami"
Early in the morning of the 16th day of the 3rd month, people hit the empty mortar to produce a welcoming sound for the Tanokami to come down from the mountain. They prepare 16 karako dango カラコ団子 rice dumplings as offerings in the tokonoma 床の間 alcove. In the evening soy beans are boiled and eaten.
On the 16th day of November (the 10th lunar month in the old calendar) they celebrate the Day of O-Tanokami, when the Deity goes back. Again, they prepare karako dango, this time as an offering in the kamidana 神棚 family shelf of the Gods. The Deity fries these dumplings near 炉縁 the fireplace and then leaves for the mountain.


....................................................................... Yamagata 山形県 .....
西置賜郡 Nishi-Okitama district 小国町 Oguni

Tanokami dango 田の神団子 dumplings for Tanokami
On the 15th and 16th of the 10th month, Tanokami goes back to the mountains.
People prepare special dumplings for him and offer them on the 米びつ container to keep rice.
They hit the mortar with the pestle to make a special sound.

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -
43 田の神 山の神 to explore (13)

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. Ta no Kami 田の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

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sangaku shinkoo 山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

. kami 神 Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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