Fuku no Kami legends

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. kami　神　Shinto deities .
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Fuku no Kami, Fukunokami 福の神
God of Good Luck and Happiness

. Fuku no Kami 福の神 God of Good Luck / Fukusuke 福助 .
Introduction




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The god of happiness, represented in kyogen 狂言 plays by a masked figure kyogenmen 狂言面.
Fuku-no-kami always has a jovial, laughing expression like that of Ebisu 恵比須, and he is often portrayed using the ebisu mask. There are some masks specifically used for fuku-no-kami, whose features are carved with taut outlines indicating youth and refinement. This mask is used to play the central role in the kyogen play called FUKU-NO-KAMI 福の神.
- source : JAANUS -




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- His opponent is
. Binbogami 貧乏神 / ビンボウノカミ Bimbogami, Deity of Poverty .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


.......................................................................　Aichi 愛知県 .....

ibohikida いぼひきだ a monster toad with warts
This toad-monster used black magic. Others say he is Fukunokami and if he lives below the veranda people should not tease or anger him.

. hikigaeru 蟇蛙 Legends about the toad, Bufo vulgaris .


source : Okinawa China School




.......................................................................　Aomori 青森県 .....
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. ushi 牛と伝説 Legends about ox, bull, cow . . .
Once a villager got up early in the morning and saw two cows from his home walking to the neighbours house.
The man thought that Fukunokami must be living there and indeed, the neighbour became rich and prosperous.
His own family became extinct.




.......................................................................　Chiba 千葉県 .....
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山武郡 Sanbu district

Ebisu sama エビス様　Honorable Ebisu
During the New Year, Ebisu walks around the area. To let him have some money, people put out an offering of a square wooden box filled with coins.
Ebisu is also called Ie no Kami 家の神 Kami of the Family.

. Ebisu 恵比寿 and Daikoku 大黒 .




.......................................................................　Ehime 愛媛県 .....
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南宇和郡 Minami-Uwa district 愛南町 Ainan town

Before drawing wakamizu 若水 the first water of the year, people light the water surface with taimatsu 松明 a torch.
In former times they could see Fuku no Kami in the water.

. wakamizu　若水 first drawing of water, "young water" .
drawing the first water of the year at the double-hour of the tiger (tora no koku 寅の刻, from four to six in the morning) ...




.......................................................................　Fukushima 福島県 .....
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南会津郡 Minami-Aizu district 南郷村 Nango village

Binbogami 貧乏神
Once a man heard footsteps at night and went out to have a look, there was a boozu 坊主 priest and he asked him:
"Where are you going?"
He replied "貧乏神 Binbogami" and the man was fast to repeat "Binbogami".
Later the priest came back again. This time he was invited into the home with great hospitality and became the Fuku no Kami of the family.




.......................................................................　Gunma 群馬県 .....
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高崎市 Takasaki city 吉井町 Yoshii town

If one blows the flute in the morning, Fuku no Kami will not come.





.......................................................................　Ibaraki 茨城県 .....
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行方郡 Namegata district 麻生町 Aso town

. Setsubun - oni wa soto 鬼は外 "Demons, get out!"　.
On the day of Setsubun 節分 the Seasonal Divide people make special offerings, especially of hiiragi柊 a holly branch and put them on butsudan 仏壇 the Buddhist family altar, the kamidana 神棚 shelf of the Gods, for the 井戸の神 Ido no Kami and other places to make sure, the demons do not come in.
The offerings of iwashi イワシ are eaten by fuku no kami 福の神 the God of Good Luck.

. oni to hiiragi 鬼と柊 Demon and the Holly branch .

. Ido no Kami 井戸の神 / Idogami 井戸神 Deity of the Well .



.......................................................................　Kyoto 京都府 .....

. Fukunokami and Binbogami .




.......................................................................　Miyagi 宮城県 .....

If one taps on the side of the fireplace or beats a drum in the middle of the night, 貧乏神 Binbogami feels happy.
If one blows a flute in the house, Binbogami will come and Fuku no Kami will flee.
If one sings in the morning while still in bed, Binbogami will come.




.......................................................................　Nagano 長野県 .....
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南佐久郡 Minami-Saku district 川上村 Kawakami village

If one tries to heat an empty water pot or hits the handle of the pan, Fuku no Kami will flee.
If one lights a fire for no purpose, 荒神 Aragami sama will send divine punishment.

. Aragami 荒神と伝説 Legends about the Aragami deity .
荒神様 Kojin sama, "rough god", "wild deity" - Hearth deity




.......................................................................　Nagasaki 長崎県 .....
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西海市 Saikai city 西彼町 （せいひちょう） Seibi

On the first day of the New Year Fukunokami is walking around, so people have to hide metal things and money.




.......................................................................　Niigata 新潟県 .....
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南蒲原郡 Minami-Kanbara district

If someone hits the bottom of the masu 桝 square wooden box used to measure rice, Fukunokami will run away.


masu with 大黒天 Daikoku the God of Good Luck

. masu 升 / 桝 measuring box .




.......................................................................　Okayama 岡山県 .....
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真庭市 Maniwa town 鹿田 Shikata

. Marishiten 摩利支天 Marishi Ten .
In 落合町 Ochiai town many families venerate Marishi Ten in the home.
In 鹿田の陽堂 Shikata village they venerate him on a great rock in front of the house as Fukunokami.





.......................................................................　Shiga 滋賀県 .....
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高島市 Takashima city

In people let pieces of a matsu no ki 松の木 pine tree smolder in the irori 囲炉裏 open hearth, Fukunokami can use the smoke to come down and bring good luck.

. irori 囲炉裏 / 居炉裏 / いろり open sunken hearth .





.......................................................................　Yamaguchi 山口県 .....
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豊浦郡 Toyoura district 豊田町 Toyota (Toyoda)

Someone said Fuku no Kami had been here and put a mountain of gold on the roots of kaki no ki 柿ノ木 the persimmon tree.
But the man was too afraid to go out and have a look and did not get any.

. Legends about 柿ノ木 the Persimmon Tree .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- #fukunokami #godofgoodluck #fukusuke -
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Yamanokami fish Trachidermus fasciatus

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction . :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Yamanokami, Trachidermus fasciatus ヤマノカミ / 山ノ神
川の神 Kawanokami, Kawa no Kami
神勧請 Kamikanjo



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ヤマノカミ（山ノ神、学名 Trachidermus fasciatus ）は、
カサゴ目カジカ科に属する魚の一種。アユカケと同じく「降河回遊」の生活史をもつ中型カジカ類の一種である。東アジアに分布するが、日本での分布は九州の有明海奥部とその流入河川に限られる。ヤマノカミ1種でヤマノカミ属を構成する。河口付近に作られた堰により稚魚の遡上が阻害され、生息数が減少している。

標準和名「ヤマノカミ」は福岡県筑後地方での呼び名に因み、
他の地方名としてヤマンカミ（福岡）カワンカミ、タチャ（福岡・佐賀）カンカンジョ（佐賀）などがある。
「山の神」「川の神」「神勧請」など、独特の外見や生活史から山の神信仰などとの関連付けが窺える。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !
This fish is closely related to the belief in Yamanokami in various regions of Japan, especially Fukuoka and Saga.


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Trachidermus fasciatus is a species of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins, and the only member of the monotypic genus Trachidermus. Its common name is roughskin sculpin. It has also been called four-gilled perch.
It is native to the coastlines of China, Japan, and Korea, where it occurs at the mouths of rivers.
This species is about 20 cm (8 in) long and weighs up to 350 grams.It has a large, spineless head with a wide mouth and small eyes near the tip of the snout. The upper jaw is slightly projecting. The dorsal fin has 8 spines and 19 to 20 soft rays and the anal fin has no spines but 17 to 18 soft rays. This fish lacks scales but its body surface is textured with "knobbles". The gill opening is large and each gill has two orange stripes.
This fish lives in rivers, estuaries, and coastal ocean waters. It is catadromous; adults spawn on mudflats at the river mouths, and after hatching, the juveniles swim upstream to freshwater river habitat.
... The habitat of the fish is degraded in some areas, particularly the river mouths of coastal China. Pollution from rapid urban development, overfishing, and the construction of dams and dikes threaten the species in this region. Changes in the hydrology of the area, mainly from dams, are most concerning because they prevent the migration of the fish in the river systems.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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It resembles the kajika カジカ family, Cottus pollux.


source : kotobank.jp/word...


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- Reference : 日本語
- Reference : English

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .

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- #Trachidermus #yamanokamifish #fishyamanokami -
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Yamanokami kitsune fox legends

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and kitsune　狐 the fox


赤鬼狐(せきこ) 山神少女

. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


............................................................................　Aichi 愛知県

豊田市 Toyota

kitsune 狐 a fox
Once a man regularly had the urge to defecate at a place sacred to Yamanokami. Every time as he squatted, he heard a strange sound of petapeta petapeta.
When he came next time, the faeces were gone, someone had eaten them. And sometimes he saw a beautiful young temple acolyte walking by.
Once he peeked between his legs and saw a fox, standing on his front legs, wiggeling with his tail, waiting for the feces - food.




............................................................................ Fukushima 福島県

相馬郡 Soma district 飯舘村 Iitate

shiro-ookami 白狼，shiro-gitsune, shirogitsune 白狐 white wolf, white fox
源頼朝 Minamoto no Yoritomo wanted to defeat a family called Sumitora 墨虎 "Black Tiger".
He brought a Mountain Deity 山神 Yamanokami and an Inari Deity 稲荷神 all the way from Kyoto and prayed for seven days and nights, with out food or sleep.
On the 15th day of the 10th lunar month, a white wolf and a white fox appeared and their footprints lead to a small sanctuary for Sanno 山王祠 high up in the forest.
He thought that was a hint from the Deities, started the battle and won it.

. Minamoto no Yoritomo 源頼朝 . - (1147 – 1199)




............................................................................　Gifu 岐阜県
武儀郡 Mugi district 板取村 Itadori

Some people say Yamanokami himself is a kitsune 狐 fox!




............................................................................　Kumamoto 熊本県

yamawaroo ヤマワロ Yamawaro Kappa
Some people say that the Yamawaro is also a 山ん神さん Yama'n Kami San, Yamanokami.
Others say he is just one rank below the real Yamanokami.
He does not play tricks on the humans, as the fox or Tanuki badger does.

. やまわろ / ヤマワロ / 山童 Yama waro "child of the mountain" .





............................................................................　Nara 奈良県

磯城郡 Shiki district

kitsune no yomeiri 狐の嫁入 fox as a bride
Every year on the third day of the New Year the fox takes a bride and Yamanokami is coming down to 天神山 Mount Tenjinyama to look at the lanterns of their procession.
If there are many lanterns there will be a good harvest this year.
If there are few lanterns there will be a bad harvest this year.

. kitsune no yome-iri　狐の嫁入り "the fox taking a bride" .

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大柳生町 Oyagyucho

. Tanokami 田の神 and the fox .





............................................................................　Shiga 佐賀県

. kitsune and 稲荷様 the rice Deity Inari sama .





............................................................................　Tochigi 栃木県

那須郡 Nasu district 大山田村 Oyamada
Once Yamanokami was angry and ordered the fox to kill a child.
Even as the mother held the baby in her arms, it disappeared mysteriously and was later found dead in the well.





............................................................................　Yamanashi 山梨県

道志村 Doshi

kitsune no koe 狐の声 voice of the fox
Yamanokami calls out ofui ofui オフイオフイ; this is the voice of a fox.



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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -




. Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005) .
and his mother, the white fox Kuzu no ha, Kuzunoha　葛の葉

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

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sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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Yama no Kami Festivals matsuri

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami matsuri 山の神祭り Yamanokami festivals
おやまのかみさままつり O-Yama no Kami Sama Matsuri
山の神祭り（やまんかんまつり) Yamankan Matsuri
山神祭 Sanjinsai - やまのかみさい Yamanokami sai
Juunikoo matsuri 十二講まつり Juniko Matsuri




. ta no kami matsuri 田の神祭り Tanokami festivals and rituals .
Including some for Yamanokami.
- Fukui, Wakasa no Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り

- Kigo for early winter
. yama no kami matsuri 山の神祭 festival for the god of the mountain .
yama no kami matsuri 山の神祭 festival for the god of the mountain
yama no maki koo 山の神講 prayer group for the god of the mountain
..... yama no koo 山の講 / 山ノ神講 （やまのこう）Yamanokami prayer group
yama no ko matsuri 山の講祭 festival of the prayer group for the god of the mountain
Held in the winter months at various shrines.
The prayer groups consisted of people who worked in the mountains. They had offerings twice a year, in early spring to open the season and in early winter to give thanks for the year.


Most festivals are held on the day 16 of a lunar month, one day after the full moon
. izayoi 十六夜 (いざよい) moon on day 16 .
In Spring to welcome Yama no Kami to the fields
In Autumn to see him off to the mountain.
Many rituals involve the offering of 16 rice dumplings.



. juuroku dango 十六団子 dumpling offerings for day 16 .

Some dates are given in the old lunar calendar, some in the modern version.

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

............................................................................ Aichi 愛知県

Sanjinsai 山神祭
People carry home some branches with flames from the festival bonfire - and there has never been a damaging fire in the village.
Even if sparks fall on dry leaves or grass, they will not cause a fire.
If people drink ritual sake and mochi rice cakes on top of the mountain to venerate Yamanokami, they will not get ill all summer.

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知多郡 Chita district 南知多町 Minami-Chita

mikigura 神酒倉 storehouse for ritual Sake
In 中洲 Nakasu there are eight families who prepare ritual sake (miki　神酒) for Shinto rituals.
Once there was a huge fire in Nakasu and most of the homes burned to the ground.
But the Storehouse in the middle of the village was spared !

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南設楽郡 Minami-Chitara district 長篠村 Nagashino

yamagami matsuri 山神祭 festival for Yamanokami
During the festival, a ritual fire is made and the villagers leave for home while the flames are still high. But there has never been a fire in the village.
The flames of the sacred fire also do not cause a fire in the woods, even if they fall on dry leaves or branches.
On top of the mountain villagers make offerings of Sake and mochi 餅 rice cakes and partake of the food afterwards. Thus they will not get ill in summer.
If they can see 伊勢の神島 Kamishima of Ise in Mie, there will be a good harvest and good fishing.





............................................................................ Ehime 愛媛県
上浮穴郡 Kamiukena district 久万町 Kuma

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭
The festival is on the 9th day of June. It is celebrated near a big tree between two villages. To cut down this tree will bring bad luck.
Every month on the 9th day the lumberjacks will not go into the mountain to cut trees.

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西条市 Saijo
山の神の祭りは旧正月５日・９月９日である。大きな木・枝が上で引っ付いている木・マタになっている木は、山の神の木なので切らないという。山の神の木をオサンバイサンという。山の神の木を切ると顔面蒼白になり、めまいなどを起こす。北向きに座らせて箕で３回仰ぐと治るが、これをミカジ（箕加持）という。

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内子町 Uchiko

Yamanokami no Hi Matsuri 山の神の火祭り Yamanokami Fire Festival

六角山の真下に幻想的に浮かび上がる“山ノ神”の火文字と5,000灯のオヒカリが灯されます。
文政6年から180年にわたり連綿と受け継がれて来た伝統には､山の幸と秋の豊作を祈る思いが込められています。田園に広がる夜景もさることながら、寺村商店街には、数多くの夜店が軒を連ね、花火大会・喜鼓里太鼓の演奏・カラオケ大会など祭りムード一色に染まります。
- reference source : town.uchiko.ehime.jp/soshiki... -





............................................................................ Fukui 福井県

In many parts of Fukui,
the 6th day of the 12th lunar month is Yamanokami festival and on this day the weather is usually quite rough.
People who make a living from the mountain forests venerate Yamanokami in the Tokonama alcove of their homes. They decorate it with axes, saws and sickles.
Since Yamanokami is counting the trees in the forest on this day, they will never go to the forest, fearing the deity might turn them in a tree if he sees them.

. 山ノ神講 Yamanokami prayer group .
遠敷郡 Onyu district 名田庄村 Natasho

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武生市 Takefu 坂口村 Sakaguchi

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
The festival is on the 9th day of January and December. Yamanokami is quite wild and usually brings frost and snow on these days.
Some people have seen Yamanokami to ride past on a white horse on these days.
. Yamanokami riding 白馬 a white horse .

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敦賀市 Tsuruga

. Akasaki 赤崎 Akasaki prayer group .
yama no kami koo 山の神講 prayer group for the god of the mountain / kanko (かんこ)





............................................................................ Fukushima 福島県
南会津郡 Minami-Aizu district 檜枝岐村 Hinoe

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
If something unfortunate happens in the mountains, the hunters go back to the village and start the festival all over again (matsuri naoshi まつりなおし).
They bring the head and breast bones of a bear as offerings, sometimes even the heart of a bear as a ritual dish for Yamanokami.




............................................................................ Hyogo 兵庫県

. 山の神の祟り the curse of Yamanokami .

. festival at 香美町香住区沖浦 / Kasumiku Okinoura, Kami, Mikata .




............................................................................ Ibaraki 茨城県
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北都留郡 Kita-Tsuru district 小菅村 Kosuge

Every month on the 17th day there is a festival for Yamanokami for the forest workers. The 17th day of the 12th lunar month is especially venerated.
The other villagers celebrate in spring on the 17th day of the first lunar month and in autumn on the 10th lunar month. On these days Yamanokami shoots arrows in the woods and forest workers must take a rest.
On the festival days, villagers prepare special offerings of buckwheat cakes and place them on the trunk of a cut-down tree.

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西茨城郡 Nishi Ibaraki district 岩瀬町 Iwase

Sanjinsai 山神祭
The day of the festival is the 15th day of the 11th lunar month. The straw rope around the sacred tree is burned. Eating fish grilled at this fire will prevent getting a cold in winter.





............................................................................ Iwate 岩手県
雫石町 Shizukuishi

Yamanokamisama no o-matsuri ヤマノカミ様のお祭り
At the village 南畑 / ミナミハタ Minamihata they have a festival in honor of Yamanokami. They all come together, a furoshiki 風呂敷 cloth wrapper around the head, dancing in the Shrine compound and then fall asleep all together, a custom known as zakone 雑魚寝.
This is also called daki matsuri 抱き祭 festival of embracing each other.
If people do not do it, the growth of asa 麻 hemp will be bad in the coming year.

. zakone 雑魚寝 sleeping together .
"group sleep" - "like all kind of fish", all crowded together




............................................................................ Niigata 新潟県

. 山の神，猿，犬 Yamanokami, monkey and dog .
The 9th day of February and December are set for rituals of Yamanokami.

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東蒲原郡 Higashikanbara 鹿瀬町 Kanose

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
The festival is on the 9th day of February and December.
The 9th day is 山の神の木調べの日 the day when Yamanokami inspects the trees.

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東蒲原郡 Higashikanbara 津川町 Tsugawa

. Yamanokami oroshi 山の神おろし for the festival .
kamioroshi, kami oroshi カミオロシ / 神おろし / 神降ろし "calling a Kami to earth" for an oracle

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糸魚川市 Itoigawa

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
If people go to the mountain on the festival day of the second and 12th lunar month, they will never come back.

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岩船郡 Iwafune district 朝日村 Asahi

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
On February and December. The 12th day is called
山の神の木種蒔きの日 - Day when Yamanokami is planting seedlings of trees
.
On the 12th day of the 12th lunar month, they call a Yamabushi 山伏 mountain priest from 山形県小国町 Oguni village in Yamagata. He puts a sacred rope around the festival altar in the home of the tooya 頭屋 "head of the festival" / 当屋. The men of the village are dressed as shrine acolytes, have their eyes blindfold and hold a ritual wand while the Yamabushi recites the 陀羅尼 Darani Sutra. Next the villagers hit the floor with a stick while chanting the 心経 Heart Sutra. Some kind of oracle is performed, asking about the hunting season and other village affairs.
shiratsuke シラツケ or shiramono tsuke シラモノツケ.
This custom has been abolished in the early Taisho period (1912).

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刈羽郡 Kariwa district 小国町 Oguni


「十二講」まつり Juniko Matsuri

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
The festival is on the 12th day of the third lunar month. The people celebrating belong to the juunikko ジュウニッコウ（十二講) Junikko.
Everyone in the village takes a rest. If someone dares to go to the forest, he will be punished by Yamanokami.
Going to the forest on the day before the festival, one has to get a purification ritual from a special priest, 太夫様 Tayu sama.
People who do not follow the Junikko rituals are not allowed to go to the forest in spring to gather firewood.



. juunisama, jūni sama 十二様 Juni Sama - Yamanokami .

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新潟市 Niigata city 西蒲区 Nishi-Kan district

. Festival at 角田山の中腹 half-way to Mount Kakudayama .

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南蒲原郡 Minamikanbara 下田村 Shitada

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
The festival is on the 9th day of February and December.
On the ninth day Yamanokami is sowing seedlings 種蒔きの日.
On the 12th day is the New Year for Yamanokami, where he goes 木調べ to inspect the trees.

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三島郡 Mishima district 三島町 Mishima

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
On the 9th day of February and December.
On this day the villagers are not allowed to use saws, sickles, howes and other tools.
Since Yamanokami is a female deity, they never make a knot in the rope around the charcoal hut with the binding of men 男結び.

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中頚城郡 Nakakubiki district 清里村 Kiyosato

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
The festival is on the 8th day of February, and also called Miyama ミヤマ "Honorable Mountain".
If there are clouds in the moutain forest on this day, the harvest will be bad.

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佐渡郡 Sado district 相川町 Aikawa

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
The festival is on the 9th day of February.
On this day Yamanokami is shooting arrows and nobody can enter the mountain forest.


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............................................................................ Tottori 鳥取県
岩美郡 Iwami district 岩美町 Iwami

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
The festival is on the 9th day of February and October.
On these days Yamanokami walks through the forest and counts the trees. If a human is in the forest, he will be counted as a tree and die.
In the 荒金集落 Arakane hamlet, Yamanokami is giving birth, so nodody can go to the mountain. If anyone does, he will meet monsters and become crazy for the rest of his life.




............................................................................ Toyama 富山県
.......................................................................
氷見市 Himi

Sanjinsai 山神祭
On this festival day, Yamanokami gets drunk and nobody is allowed to disturb him.

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南砺市 Nanto city

Tengu han 天狗ハン Mister Tengu - Sanjinsai 山神祭
On the day of the festival, the charcoal makers take a rest, come together and offer ゴヘイモチ Goheimochi rice cakes and buri no sashimi ブリの刺身 Sashimi of yellowtail to the Tengu.
Once a man went into the forest to cut a tree, but was hit 睾丸 in the testicles by a branch of a tree and died.

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西砺波郡 Nishi-Tonami district 福岡町 Fukuoka

Yamanokami 山の神 / Sanjinsai 山神祭
On the festival day, Yamanokami inspects the mountian and humans are not allowed to go there.
They also should not use tools with blades on this day.




............................................................................ Yamagata 山形県
西村山郡 Nishimurayama district

Yamanokami Matsuri 山の神祭り
The festival is on the 17th day of March. On this day people do not go to the mountain. If they do and happen to meet Yamanokami, they will have bad luck for the rest of their life.

Another festival day for Yamanokami is the 12th day of the third and 12th lunar month.





............................................................................ Yamaguchi 山口県

Sanjinsai 山神祭
The day of the festival is the 26th day of the 2nd lunar month.
People bring yamaimo 山芋 yam as offerings, but they are not allowed to whistle in the compound or underground in the coal mines. To kill a dog was forbidden.
There were other taboos concerning the tankoo 炭鉱 coal mines.

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- - - - - Yamanokami as the protector deity of the coal mines.



古河好間炭鉱山神祭（昭和20年) Koga Yoshima Tanko Saijinsai Festival
Fukushima



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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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- - - - - . Join the Updates of Facebook ! . - - - - -


. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

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sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #yamanokami #godofthemountains #matsuri #yamanokamimatsuri #sanjinmatsuri -
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funadama funatama boat deity

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Shinto Shrines (jinja　神社) - Introduction .
. kami　神　Shinto deities .
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船神 the Boat Deity Funagami

funadama 船玉 / 船霊 / 船魂 guardian deity of a boat
funadama san 船玉さん / フナダマサン / funatama フナタマ



the Goddess of the ocean, widely worshipped by Japanese fishermen. Her shrines are niches made in the masts of ships where many items are kept. She grants good catches!
Suijin, a water Goddess, often has shrines at lakes, ponds, springs and wells. She is sometimes said to take the form of fish or large, sometimes white, snakes. Women play a key role in her worship and a few large shrines (Suitengu in Tokyo, for example) are primarily focused on helping pregnant women deliver safely.

In the original Japanese Shinto Religion, there are many versions of a God of Water, which shows how important water is to a rice planting agricultural society.

Here are just a few, this will be subject to further checking.

市杵嶋姫神　いちきしまひめのかみ Ichiki Shima Hime no Kami
闇淤加美神　くらおかみのかみ。水の神・龍神様。Kurao Kami no Kami, Kura Okami Dragon Deity
高淤加美神　たかおかみのかみ。水の神・龍神様。Takao Kami no Kami, Dragon Deity (淤加美神 Okami no Kami)
宗像の神　むなかたのかみ。海上交通の神様。水の神様。Munakata no Kami
罔象女神　みづはのめのかみ。水を司る神。雨乞いの神。Mizuha no Me no Kami
http://www.bfortune.net/spirit/zinzya/kami/
source to read : (Records of Ancient Matters)


. Mizuhanome 水速女命 Female Deity of Water .

. Munakata no Kami 宗像の神 - The Munakata Shinto Belief .
Shrine Munakata Taisha (宗像大社), Fukuoka
Ichikishima Hime-no-Kami (市杵島姫神)

. Suijin sama 水神様 Mizu no Kamisama 水の神様 .

. Ryuujin 龍神, 竜神 Ryujin, the Dragon God .

. kainan 海難 shipwrecked from a typhoon 台風 .




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“Sea Theologies: Elements for a Conceptualization of Maritime Religiosity in Japan”
Fabio Rambelli
A glaring blind-spot in Japanese religious studies is the lack of attention dedicated to conceptual (and theological) elements in sea-based beliefs and practices. As a consequence, we know very little about the theology of the sea and sea deities dwelling in the abyss. This talk will focus on three different aspects of sea-related cults: the role of the sea in the Nakatomi no harae great purification ritual, the status of treasure ships (takarabune), and the nature of boat spirits (funadama). These three elements are normally treated separately, and are not explored in their theological and philosophical implications, but the talk will show that, when combined, they offer a unique perspective on Japanese maritime religiosity as it was practiced and imagined by different agents and groups: fishing communities (as in the case of funadama), ritual specialists and intellectuals (in the commentaries on the Nakatomi no harae), and larger communities (as in the images of takarabune associated with widespread cults of the seven gods of good fortune or shichifukujin). It will be argued that these three elements function as semiotic shifters−representations and agents of change, transformation, and movement, all features of maritime religiosity.
- - - - - Lecture in Kyoto, May 30, 2017
- source : zinbun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/institute ... -

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funadama sama 船霊さま amulets for Funadama
funadama 船霊は「船玉、船魂」



The one's from Chiba are top left.
Top right are from Shizuoka, bottom left from Wakayama (mamoribina 守り雛), bottom right from Okayama.

They are a pair of hina dolls made from paper.
They are an amulet to protect the boatsmen.

. Folk Toys from Chiba .

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. Funadama Jinja 船魂神社 - Hakodate, Hokkaido
and 波分不動明王　Namiwake Fudo Myo-O　

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Funadama Jinja 船玉神社
神奈川県藤沢市大鋸 / Daigiri, Fujisawa, Kanagawa

- - - - - Deity in residence - - - - -
弟橘姫命 Oto Tachibanahime no Mikoto

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shuin　朱印 stamp


omamori お守り amulets
諸願成就、水難除け、海上・交通安全、旅行安全 for safety at sea and on the road, and when traveling

The main festival is on May 15.

- - - - - HP of the Shrine
- source : buccyake-kojiki.com/archives -

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船玉神社 Funatama Jinja
大阪府大阪市住吉区住吉 Osaka, Sumiyoshi ward



- - - - - Deities in residence - - - - -
猿田彦神 Sarutahiko
天鳥船神 Amenotorifune no Kami (鳥之石楠船神 Torinoiwa Kusufune no Kami)

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shuin　朱印 stamp


- - - - - HP of the Shrine
- reference source : kamnavi.jp/en/settu/funatama... -

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Funadamaguu 船玉宮 Shrine Funadama Gu
福井県吉崎御坊 Fukui Yoshizaki Gobo
Yoshizaki-gobō was a temple in the town of Arawashi, Sakai District.
It is best known for its connection to Rennyo, the founder of the Ikkō sect of Buddhism.



As a protector deity, it has various names from Shinto and Buddhist background:
舟玉神 Funadama Shin /船玉宮 Funadama Gu / 船玉明神 Funadama Myojin / 船玉権現 Funadama Gongen
船玉菩薩 Funadama Bosatsu

「日本では船乗りたちの間で、古くから船の霊魂を祀る船玉信仰があり、江戸時代より船玉を具象化した人形・髪の毛賽・古銭等を船体に埋め込む造船儀礼が行われた。これと並んで船玉を神格化し舟玉神・船玉宮・船玉明神・船玉権現・船玉菩薩等と称して船の守護神、海上安全の海神として祀る信仰も顕著になったが、媽祖をこの舟玉神にあてようとする認識が当時の日本には存在した。
中略、越前では福井市近郊に天妃媽祖観世音菩薩を本尊とする補陀洛山普門寺があり、１７世紀末に長崎から招来したという天妃観音像が現存する」
- reference source : Kazuo on facebok -

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Funadama matsuri 船玉祭 / 船玉まつり Festivals for Funadama
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. Funadama matsuri 船玉祭 Festival of the Ship's Treasures
Maso Festival 媽祖祭 - Soofukuji 崇福寺 Temple Sofuku-Ji, Nagasaki


Hoodoosan Jinja 宝登山神社 Hodosan Jinja in Saitama, August 15.
This boat festival at Nagatoro 長瀞 dates back to the Tokugawa period. Travelers from Chichibu used to raft down to Edo and prayed at the shrine for safe passage along the Arakawa river.

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Funadama kofun 船玉古墳 Funatama burial mound
Ibaraki, Chikusei



鬼怒川の左岸の河岸段丘上に立地し、現況は、墳丘上に船玉神社が鎮座しています。この神社の参道、石段脇に横穴式石室が南面して開口しています。
横穴式石室は、羨道(せんどう)部、前室(ぜんしつ)、玄室(げんしつ)からなり、羨道部から玄室までの全長は約11.5mを測ります。石材は、雲母片岩の板石で、県下でも最大規模の巨石が用いられています。
- reference source : city.chikusei.lg.jp... -

. kofun jidai 古墳時代 the burial mound period - 250 to 538 .

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. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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source : Ship Goddesses, Boat Ghosts, And Sea Monks (Funadama, Funa Yurei, Umi Bozu)


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

Funadama 船魂
The Funadama is an incarnation of 十一面観音 Juichimen Kannon with 11 Heads.
People put some female hair in the box, two dice for the 双六 Sugoroku game and
45 coins of the 大観通宝 Daikan Tsuho.

The box is fastened under 帆柱 the main sail supporting mast.
The dice have to be placed carefully: 1 up, 6 down and 2 facing the inside of the boat.

. sugoroku 双六 Sugoroku board game .

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船霊様，suzumushi no naku yoo na oto 鈴虫の鳴くような音
船霊様の性格の大きな特徴として、海路難所・岬といった特定の聖地に神をまつってあり、天候の急変や神に対して粗忽をした場合、吉凶の前兆にイサムとかシゲル（サエズル・オクメともいう）といって、鈴虫の鳴くような音が特定の人にのみ聞こえるといわれる。

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船上で不思議な音がする。これを「船玉様がしげる」、「船玉様がいさむ」などと言った。船上の音はリインリインと鈴虫が鳴くように聞こえたりチンチンチンと強く激しくなる事もあり、その音が吉凶の前ぶれとして捉えられていた。

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. Funadama and Umibozu 海坊主 legends .




.......................................................................　Chiba 千葉県
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Jingu Kogo 功皇后，Sumiyoshi no Kami 住吉の神 　Funadama no Kami 船玉の神　　
房総では船玉神として住吉の大神を祀る。神功皇后が三韓征伐の際に住吉の神を祀り、諸神が神功皇后を助けて順風を起し、三韓を征伐したために、帰国の後に摂津住吉に三神を祭った。以来船玉様として住吉の大神を祀る




.......................................................................　 Ehime 愛媛県

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Ehime, 伊予郡 Iyo district 松前町 Masaki town

The Funadama deity dislikes 女、蛇、猪、猿、猫、味噌、ラッキョウ
women, serpents, wild boars, monkeys, cats, Miso paste and shallots.
So these words are not to be used on a boat.

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Ehime 松山市 Matsuyama city

funadama sama 船霊様
船で難破船の前を通る時、船霊様が見舞いに行って留守になる事がある。そういう時には、船霊様の前にこもやむしろを掛けておくという。

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Ehime, 越智郡 Ochi district, 魚島村 Uoshima village

Funadama sama 船霊様
船霊を船玉という。ご神体はサイコロで船の中間に祭ってあり、女であるという。船玉は蛇や猿を嫌う。新造船を作ったときに船玉様をのせる。また正月2日を初乗りといい、船玉様を乗せかえる。死人を乗せたときにも船玉様を入れかえる。夜船の上で寝ているときにチンチンと音がすることを船玉様がいさむという。



.......................................................................　Gifu 岐阜県
揖斐郡 Ibi district 揖斐川町 Ibigawa town

tengu 天狗 Tengu
夜遅く峠を歩くと天狗が出て人を追っかけたり、いたずらしたり、目に見えなくても、近くに天狗が現れると、髪の毛が逆立ったり、顔に怪我をしたりする。ある時若者たちが天狗を懲らしめようと松の木に腰掛けていた天狗を縛り上げた。すると貴船神社 the Shrine Kifune Jinja へ仕返しに現れ、池へ臼を投げ入れた。その臼は他の池から浮かび上がってきたという。
. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .




.......................................................................　Fukushima 福島県
二本松市 Nihonmatsu city

. kamoishi, kamo-ishi 鴨石 "duck stone" .
at 伊佐沼 the Isanuma marsh and 貴船神社 the Shrine Kifune Jinja.

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Fukushima, いわき市 Iwaki city

funadama sama 船だまさま
船を新造して台降ろしの祝いのとき、大工がしらと船頭が、3月3日に買っておいた男女二体の紙の人形を船玉さまとして誰にも見られないようにまつる。これと一緒に16文銭と夫婦健在の妊婦（５ヶ月目）の髪の毛、さいころ2つ（天1地6四方2合わせ）をまつる。さいころの目がころんでいたりすると不漁になる。




.......................................................................　Hiroshima 広島県


aka soshiru 赤ソシル
船が大きく揺れたり、牛がほえる様にうなることを赤ソシルと言い不吉な兆しとした。

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Funadama Sama 船魂様
The female Funadama Sama does not like just one woman in a boat. If a woman has to use it by herself,
she usually keeps a doll to appease the Deity.
The box is fastened under the main sail supporting mast, see above.

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Funatama 船霊
This Funatama likes gambling, so eight coins and a borad of the game 双六 Sugoroku
are seen as its 神体 Divine Representation.
The Deity does not like kuchinawa くちなわ serpents.
Before something bad happens or sometimes a few days before that,
it makes the sound チリンチリン chirin-chirin to announce the event.

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船の者は船の上では下駄をはいてはいけない。履くと船玉さまがたたる。




.......................................................................　Hokkaido 北海道
博知石町

bakuchi ishi 博知石 gambling stones
. bakuchi ishi 博知石 gambling stones .
and a fisherman called 徳蔵 Tokuzo.




.......................................................................　Hyogo 兵庫県
Hyogo 明石市 Akaishi city 大久保町 Okubo town

funadama san 船玉さん
船玉さんを祀ってあるハリの下では刃物を一切使用しない。使うと獲物が無い。

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Hyogo 赤穂市 Ako city

funadama san 船玉さん
船玉さんを祀るフナバリの木は、三昧に生えていた松の木を用いると難破しないが、神社の境内などにあった宮の木で作ると、必ず難破する。




.......................................................................　Ibaragi 茨城県

東茨城郡 Higashiibaragi district

ishi 石 a stone
茨城の岩船神社神殿横にある石は常に水を湛え、どうやっても汲み出すことができない。もし汲み出すと必ず雷雨になると信じられ、旱魃時には村人が協力してこの水を汲み出すという。

Iwafune Jinja 岩船神社 Shrine




.......................................................................　Kagoshima 鹿児島県

A man called Hirayama from the island Tanegashima went to Kyoto
京に行こうと船に乗ったところ、Fukuoka 大隈国の内浦あたりで暴風雨に遭い、船は漂流した。そこで船神に祈り、１２の方角を書いた紙を結んで神前に置き、念珠の房で探ると西南と出たのでその方角に舵を取る。途中不安になったが幾度試しても西南と出るので、信じて進むとやがて陸地が見えて一行は助かった。

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yuurei sen 幽霊船 a ghost ship
舟が明りをつけてつながっているのは幽霊船。船霊様は女だから、女1人はつれて航海しない。女1人のせた船が座礁した話もある。




.......................................................................　Kochi 高知県
宿毛市

船魂様 Funadama Sama
Funatade 船たで / 船タデ is a process of smoking out the bottom of a boat to make it stronger against rotting in the the sea water.
During this process, the Funadama Sama must be taken out.


- reference source : airnet.ne.jp/sakura/blocks_menu/conjyaku_06/bezaisen... -


. a legend from Ehime 愛媛県 about funatade 船たで a boatsman .




.......................................................................　Kyoto　京都
亀岡市 Kameoka city

daija 大蛇
大昔、亀岡は湖で、大国主命が樫船神社 the Shrine Kashifune Jinja から船を借りてこの湖を切り開くと、そこに大蛇が住んでいたので退治した。亀岡町の鍬山神社 the Shrine Kuwayama Jinja の山車のひとつはその伝説をあらわすものである。

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake .




.......................................................................　Nagasaki 長崎県

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kusu no ki 楠の木
摂津の箕面山に夫婦の鬼がいて、夫を赤眼、妻を黄口といった。5人の子を持ち、人の子を捕まえて食べていたという。そこで、役行者は鬼の子のうち末子を呪力で岩窟の中に隠した。二鬼が役行者を尋ねてきたとき、人の子を食わないならば子供の居場所を教えた。その後、夫は前鬼、妻は後鬼と改名し、行者の身辺を一時たりとも離れることはなかったという。

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Umibozu 海坊主
海坊主は舟へ来てアカトリを貸せという。貸さないと船を沈めると脅す。アカトリを貸すと海の潮を船に汲み込んで船を沈める。一説には死んだ人間の魂という。こうした災難に遭わないために漁師は船に船玉様をまつって祈願を込めた。

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五島市 Goto city

Umibozu 海坊主，iso onna 磯女 (isome)
幽霊船や海坊主は柄杓を貸せという。そこを抜いて貸さないと船に水を注がれて沈められる。船幽霊は決して艫からは船へ上がってこない。船玉様がともの方を向いているからだという。磯女は乳から上が人間で下は幽霊のように流れていて、やはり船を襲う。




.......................................................................　Oita 大分県
東国東郡 Higashi-Kunisaki district 姫島村 Himejima village

funadama sama 船霊様
船霊様は「キチキチ」と鳴く。「キキケェー」と異常な声で鳴くのは荒天、または投錨場所が危険なことを告げる。温声は凪、平静を告げる。「チリリーン」と鳴くときは安全で大漁がある。




.......................................................................　Okayama 岡山県

Funadama sama 船霊様
Funadama sama is a female deity. She makes the sound チリンチリン chirin-chirin to announce a coming danger.
The carpenter who makes the ship also makes a sanctuary for Fudadama. He includes
サイコロ2個 12 dice and 銭12枚 12 coins, one for each month.
In danger of a shipwreck, the fishermen can knock at the door of the shrine various times for divine help.

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久米郡 Kume district 久米町 Kume town

ookamisama 狼様 a wolf
美作、久米郡倭文村大字桑上、貴船神社の、通称奥の院と称される狼様は、火難盗難の守護神である。12月18日の祭に狼の足跡のある石がある狼様の下の池で米をといで神職が捧げると、狼が出てきてそれを食べるという行事が伝えられている。
. ookami 狼 / オオカミ Okami, wolf legends .




....................................................................... Osaka 大阪府
大阪市 Osaka city

O funadama sama お船玉さま
お船玉様は女の神様で、船が難破する様になるとシャンシャン泣く。稲の穂を賽２個と１２文(閏なら１３文)を紙で包み、帆柱の内部の中央に祀る。




.......................................................................　Saga 佐賀県

Funatama no saezuri 船魂のサエズリ the twittering of Funatama
When Funatama can be heard making a sound チュチュチュ chuchuchu it is a bad foreboding.
The sound moves from the front to the stern. This sound is also called
"the twittering of the Funatama" 船魂さんのサエサス saesazu, 船魂さんがナカス Funatama san ga nakasu".




.......................................................................　Shimane　島根県

Funadama San 船魂さん
If Funadama is in a good moot, a sound like リリン、リリン ririn ririn can be heard from the rudder.

Funatama 舟魂
In bad weather, when the boat is about to sink, Funatama walks around with the sound キョロキョロ kyoro-kyoro.
The captain then has to wash his face with salt water and grip the oar really strong.




.......................................................................　Shizuoka 静岡県
牧之原市 Makinohara city

sai to ma 賽と魔
舟に船玉と一緒に、柳又は南天で作った賽も入れる。これはマ（魔）に出会した場合、マは眼の多いものを恐れるからだという。




.......................................................................　Yamaguchi 山口県
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萩市 Hagi city

funadama sama 船玉様
船玉様は女である。良い凪を走る場合、トリカジ側からリリンという鈴の音がして、船玉様がイサメクとよい追手がする。シケをお報せ下さることもある。沖で魚をつくっても一切れは船玉様に、一切れは竜王様に上げることを忘れてはならない。

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Yamaguchi, 豊北町 Hohokucho town

hiki funadama ヒキフナダマ
夜中海面が白くなることをヒキ船玉（ひきふなだま）と言う。出会った時は、燃えさしを海に投げつけると逃げるという。ヒキはおそらくシキ神のシキのことであろう。

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Yamaguchi, 下関市 Shimonoseki city

hiki funadama ひき船玉
角島では夜海面の白くなる事をひき船玉といい、これに出会った際は燃えさしを海に投げてやると、逃げていくという。

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
56 船霊 (06)
69 フナダマ (00)
- - OK - フナタマ - 船魂 -
- - OK - 船神
- - OK - 船玉

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船霊の白き波立ち十二月
funadama no shiroki namidatchi juunigatsu

the white waves
of the Funadama godess -
this december

Kawamura Sachiko 川村祥子

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