Japan - Shrines and Temples: - - Yama no Kami

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20/08/2017

Yama no Kami 10 Regional Hiroshima Hyogo kofun

Yamanokami Bunkasai　山の神文化祭 Culture Festival
広島県立呉昭和高等学校同窓会 / 広島県呉市中央6-2-9 // Kure city

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東広島市 Higashi-Hiroshima　八本松町 Hachihonmatsu

. Yamanokami and Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .
Yamanokami gets an offering of zoosui 雑炊 rice porridge.

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南方村 Minamikata-mura

tooban san トウバンサン Toban san、"The God on Watch-out Duty"
At the beginning of the stone bridge there is one special stone. If a horse or cow tries to pass over the bridge,
it will stumble here and fall down to its death.
The villagers think this must be a sign of Yamanokami. They think Yakanokami is a deity to protect horses and cows and call him Toban San.

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宮島町 Miyajima

ayakashi あやかし something suspicious, the voice of Yamanokami
Shortly after the War, some 20, 30 men went into the forest to cut trees. They heard a voice calling for them and followed the voice. But the voice (of Yamanokami) kept coming from a different direction each time.
So they begun to recite the 般若心経 Hannya Shingyo heart sutra and indeed, the voice kept quiet.

. Hannya Shingyoo 般若心経 Hanya Shingyo Heart Sutra .

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三次市 Miyoshi // 庄原市 Shobara

On the 20th day of the New Year (mugimeshi shoogatsu 麦飯正月 eating barley) Yamanokami goes to the forest to count the trees.
If a person goes to the forest on this day, he will be counted as a tree and later experience disasters and misfortune.
So this is a holiday for the forest workers.

mugi shoogatsu 麦正月 New Year to honour barley and wheat

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Yamanokami kofun 山の神古墳 Yamanokami tumulus of Japan

. kofun 古墳 burial mound, tumulus .
kofun jidai 古墳時代 burial mound period - 250 to 538

Hiroshima, 広島県福山市駅家町 Fukuyama Ekiya

In the middle-range of 芦田川 river Ashidagawa. It's form is 前方後円墳. It dates to the middle of the 6th century.
The diameter is about 12 m, and it is 4 m high. The space inside is open to the South and is 横穴式石室, it is about 6,35 m.
The genshitsu 玄室 burial chamber is about 4.1 m long, 2.9 m wide and 3.3 m high.
The sendoo 羨道 passage is 2.25 m long, 1.26 m wide and 1.25 m high.
The excarvated pieces are
金銅製丸玉2個分，鉄斧1，金銅製杏葉ならびに鉄地金張りの鏡材片2個分，方形飾金具，鉄針，須恵器・土師器片がある。
- reference source : Hiroshima bunkazai data -

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Fukuoka 福岡県
- quote -
Recent advancement in the study of the Tsuyazaki mounded tomb group and other sites has enhanced our understanding on the tombs of the chieftains in the Munakata Region. And archeological investigations of dwelling sites have resulted in accumulated evidence that tells of the life and activities of immigrants from the Korean Peninsula. Comparison of these two makes it possible to depict the rise of chieftains in the Munakata Region based on international exchange. Okinoshima Island is situated at a
pivotal location of maritime transportation and it should be possible to discuss the role played by Munakata chieftains in the Okinoshima rituals by linking the rise of chieftains with the international exchange with the Korean Peninsula. It should be noted, however, that the formation of the Tsuyazaki mounded tomb group and the increase in archeological evidence of immigrant activities took place in the second half of the Middle Kofun Period, while the maturation of Okinoshima rituals occurred at the end of the Early Kofun
Period. There is an apparent time gap. A major task for the future is to look at the intervention of chieftains in the Okinoshima rituals and the life and activities of immigrants in the period from the end of the Early Kofun Period to the first half of the Middle Kofun Period from a broad perspective of the post-Yayoi periods.

The largest tumulus in North Chikuzen during Period 8 corresponding to the end of Middle Kofun Period is considered to be Yamanokami mounded tomb in Iizuka City in Agglomeration Midstream of the Onga. River that has an estimated total length of about 85 meters, even though no exact measurement is.
- reference source : okinoshima-heritage.jp... - pdf file -

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Gifu 岐阜県

中津川市山口 Nakatsugawa city, Yamaguchi
山の神古墳（2号墳）は、直径約15ｍ高さ約3ｍの規模で、墳丘の一部に葺石が見られます。
古墳の年代について、指定時に「7世紀初頭から中期」と報告されましたが、『山口村誌』では「5世紀終末までは遡らない様」としており、位置付けが定まっていません。昭和32年に行われた発掘調査で須恵器、土師器、刀子が出土しました。
かつてこの古墳の北側にもう1基古墳が存在していたと云われていますが、現在では消滅してしまっており、その姿は確認できません。
- reference source : city.nakatsugawa.gifu.jp... -

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Kagawa　香川県
- quote -
Yama-no-kami Kofungun 山ノ神古墳群 Yamanokami Kofungun
near Sakaide (Kagawa pref.) Nearest Village: Kamo-chō 加茂町

Tumulus no.2 which lies in a paddy field on the way to Ayaori-zuka Kofun and Saginokuchi Kofun has carving of leaves and thatched roof on the left side of chamber. Its passage is broken and the carvings of the inner chamber are easy to be recognised but they are so faint to be photographed.
- source : megalithic.co.uk...

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Nara 奈良県三輪山の神 Miwa Yamanokami
- quote -
Rituals of the Kofun Period: Rituals for the Gods at Mt. Miwayama (exhibition till May 2018)
Mt. Miwayama is an eminent sacred mountain in Japan’s ancient history. From the Yamanokami Site at the foot of the mountain, a number of relics used for rituals, including small mirrors, steatite beads and daggers, as well as earthenware models of tools for brewing alcohol were excavated. Rituals associated with the kingdom of the time were carried out in this region.
- - - - - Including:
Miniature Mirror, From Yamanokami Site, Baba, Miwa, Sakurai-shi, Nara, Kofun period, 5th century
Usudama Beads, From Yamanokami Site, Baba, Miwa, Sakurai-shi, Nara, Kofun period, 5th–6th century
Winnow shaped Clay Objects, From Yamanokami Site, Baba, Miwa, Sakurai-shi, Nara, Kofun period, 5th–6th century
Mallet shaped Clay Objects, From Yamanokami Site, Baba, Miwa, Sakurai-shi, Nara, Kofun period, 5th–6th century
Mallet shaped Clay Objects, From Yamanokami Site, Baba, Miwa, Sakurai-shi, Nara, Kofun period, 5th–6th century
Cutting board shaped Clay Objects, From Yamanokami Site, Baba, Miwa, Sakurai-shi, Nara, Kofun period, 5th–6th century
- source : Tokyo National Museum -

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Shiga 　滋賀県

. 山の神古墳/伊野部古墳（やまのかみこふん/いのべこふん）Inobe kofun 古墳 .
Gokashoinobecho, Higashiomi, Shiga / 滋賀県東近江市五個荘伊野部町
tba

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Shizuoka　静岡県
4 Chome-4-21 Uchinodai, Hamakita Ward, Hamamatsu

Early to Mid 6th century
The Yamanokami Kofun is also a circular type. It is 15.8m in diameter and 1.8m in height. There is a moat on its north side, and a terrace on its south side. The kofun is presumed to be built in the early to mid 6th century.
Artifacts found from this tomb include sue ware (gray stoneware).
The entrance of the horizontal stone chamber was blocked by stones.
- reference source : hamamatsu-books.jp... -

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135 Higashi-Kashiwabara Shinden, Fuji, Shizuoka
静岡県富士市東柏原新田
- reference source : city.fuji.shizuoka.jp... pdf -

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Tokushima 徳島県
山ノ神古墳群　Yamanokami Kofun gun　
徳島県名西郡石井町石井　Ishii, Myozai District, Tokushima

山ノ神古墳（やまのかみこふん、山の神古墳/山ノ神1号墳/利包古墳<としかねこふん>[1]/利包山古墳[2]）は、徳島県名西郡石井町石井にある古墳。形状は前方後円墳。気延山古墳群（うち山ノ神古墳群）を構成する古墳の1つ。史跡指定はされていない。
徳島県北部、吉野川南岸の石井町・徳島市境の気延山（きのべやま）西麓に築造された古墳である[3]。気延山では200基以上の古墳（うち山ノ神古墳群は3基[2]）が分布し、本古墳はその中で最大規模になる[3]。本古墳は1978年（昭和53年）に発見されたのち[4]、1983年（昭和58年）に測量調査が[2]、2014年度（平成26年度）以降に発掘調査が実施されている[3][4]。
墳形は
前方後円形で、墳丘に段築は認められていない[4]。墳丘長は約56メートルを測るが、これは徳島県では第3位の規模になる[4][注 1]。円筒埴輪は認められていないが、形象埴輪片や鉄鎌・鉄斧が検出されている[4]。主体部の埋葬施設は粘土槨2基で、墳頂部で並んだ状態で設けられている[5]。以上より、築造時期は古墳時代前期の4世紀後半頃と推定され[4]、山ノ神古墳群含む気延山古墳群では最後の前方後円墳に位置づけられる[3]。
なお、
1号墳のそばには円墳（直径14メートル）が位置し、築造時期は4世紀末頃と推定される[4]。この円墳の周辺部では徳島県内2例目（全国では約70例）となる筒形銅器が出土しており、畿内王権との関わりの点で注目される[4]。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

source and more photos : sueyasumas.exblog.jp...

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庚申塚古墳・山の神古墳（富士市東柏原）

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Yamanokami Kofun no Kenkyu (The Study of Yamanokami Tumulus)
TSUJITA, Jun'ichiro (2016)

Yamanokami Site in Akishima City 昭島市
? 浄土古墳

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.......................................................................　Hyogo 兵庫県 .....

Yamanokami Matsuri festival at 香美町香住区沖浦 / Kasumiku Okinoura, Kami, Mikata District
The children paint their faces black with charcoal and bring offerings to the shrine, walking along about 1 km, on January 8.
They pray for the health and wellbeing of the members of 127 families living there.
This festival dates back to the Heian period, around the year 830.
Yamanokami is seen as a woman who gets angry quite easily.

. Yama no Kami matsuri 山の神祭り Yamanokami festivals .

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有馬郡 Arima district

Yamanokami no tatari 山の神の崇り curse of Yamanokami
If someone cuts a matsu 松 pine tree in the forest, he will be cursed by Yamanokami. He will hurt his neck and his nomi 鑿 chisel will not cut any more.

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朝来市 Asago city 生野町 Ikuno-cho

kaibutsu 怪物 monster
Around 1890, there lived a skilled forest worker named 兵右衛門 Hyoemon. On the day of the festival for Yamanokami he went to the forest. On his way back he stopped at the waterfall near the Shrine. There coming from downstream, he saw a strange creature as large as 10 Tatami mats, of green color, without a head or tail, climbing out of the river.
Hyoemon was frightend and run home as fast as he could, but fell ill on the same day and died a few days later.

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福崎町 Fukusaki 西田原 Nishi-Tawara

Yamanokami Koen 「山の神」公園 Park named Yamanokami
In the park are many Yokai statues, for example of 河童 Kappa and 天狗 Tengu.

There is also a statue of a mother inoshishi イノシシ wild boar, a 妖怪 Yokai monster named Yamanokami.
This statue had one a prize at the Japan-wide competition for Yokai statues. It is about 2 meters high and weighs 200 kg.
Yamanokami is known as an ugly woman, as causing accidents and snowstorms.

. Yamanokami and his messenger, inoshishi 猪 wild boar .

. inoshishi and Tengu 猪 - 天狗と伝説 Legends about wild boar and Tengu .

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姫路市 Himeji

In the 飾磨郡 Shikama district, it is not allowed to go to the forest on the Day of Yamanokami, the 9th day of the first lunar month.
If someone does, he will fall from the rocks and get hurt badly.

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出石町 Izushi

The Day of Yamanokami is the 9th day of the 12th lunar month.
On the Day of Yamanokami, nobody is allowed to go to the forest, because Yamanokami counts the trees.
The members of the special prayer group stay at home and say prayers.

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神崎郡 Kanzaki gun 神河町 Kamikawa village

. Black Cow, Black Bull 　黒牛と伝説 kuro-ushi, kuroushi .

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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- - - - - . Join the Updates of Facebook ! . - - - - -

. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #yamanokamihiroshima #godofthemountains #tanokami #hiroshima #hyogo #yamanokamikofun -
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Yama no Kami 09 Regional Gifu Gunma

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Yama no Kami 山の神 Yamanokami - Introduction .
. Ta no Kami 田の神 Tanokami - Introduction .
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Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain
and Legends from 岐阜県 Gifu to 群馬県 Gunma

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.......................................................................　Gifu 岐阜県 .....

. guhin kuhin gubin 狗賓 / 狗嬪 / グヒン Guhin Tengu Yokai .
Guhin mochi 狗賓餅 rice cakes for the Guhin - later gohei mochi 五平餅.

. Sarugami 猿神 Monkey Deity .
- the local Yamanokami.

. Yamanokami and Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .
tengu-daoshi 天狗倒し

. Yamanokami and 飛騨の匠 a master carpenter from Hida .

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a bus stop named 山の神 Yamanokami
岐阜県揖斐郡揖斐川町春日川合
Kasugakawai, Ibigawa, Ibi District, Gifu or Yamanokami Iinuma, Nakatsugawa-shi, Gifu

and at the park さざれ石公園 Sazareishi Koen park there is a lodging
山の神さざれ荘 Yamanokami Sazaresoo

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Yamanokami is related to fuji no tsuru 藤の蔓 / 藤のツル the of the vine branches of wisteria.
In a novel called Yamanokami satsujin 山の神殺人 the Yamanokami murder case
by 坂口安吾.
両手を首にまき両足を腰にからみつけて藤のツルのようにシッカリしがみついている

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郡上郡 Gujo district, Gujō

There are at least 2 or three people who died because they went to do forest work on a day when it was not allowed out of respect for Yamanokami.

- - - - - strange things happening to Saito san
葉の落ちる音 sound of leaves falling，円柱状の大きな光 a huge pillar of light，壁をドーンと叩く音 loud sound of DOOON on the wall
The head of the Saito family, 斎藤誉逸, from 大洞 Obora, had been harrassed by Yamanokami around 1904.
When he was on his way home from a carpenter job, after some drinks in the evening, he passed the sanctuary of 秋葉様 Akiba sama he heard the sound of leaves falling, although there were not left on the trees.
He tried to keep his calm and then saw a huge pillar of light above the graveyard. When he finally reached his home, he heard the stange sound of someone hitting his wall.
Next morning he asked a diviner. He was told that Yamanokami had tried to challenge his courage (or rather lack thereof).

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揖斐郡 Ibi district 揖斐川町 Ibigawa

The messenger of Yamanokami is a shiro usagi 白ウサギ white rabbit.
If someone happens to see it, he will be cursed.

usagi at 熊野神社 Kumano Jinja

. Legends about the White Rabbit 白兎 hakuto .

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武儀郡 Mugi district 板取村 Itadori

Some people say Yamanokami is a kitsune 狐 fox!

Yamanokami is a deity to protect children, maybe even a child himself.
If a child gets ill parents have to put up a lantern and say prayers for its recovery.

On the day of the tiger in the second lunar month and on the 7th day of the 11th lunar month it is time for the Yamanokami prayer group. If people do not keep this day, there might be landslides. Yamanokami is female, and if women eat the left-overs from the prayer meeting they will become all wild.
. hatsu tora 初寅 "first day of the tiger" .

Yamanokami likes the following trees
-- madogi マドギ "window tree" - trees with two stems
-- hookigi ホウキギ broom tree / Kochia scoparia
-- kamoeda カモエダ
These trees are not to be cut down.

Yamanokami is a plain woman and women coming to worship her must keep the necessary taboos.

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高山市 Takayama

. The deity Yamabiko 山彦（山の神） Yamanokami .
Legends about Master Carver Enku　円空と伝説　

On the 20th day of the first lunar month people should not go to the mountain. If they do they will feel the curse of Yamanokami and maybe die under a tree that falls on them.
If a lumberjack forgets his nata 鉈 hatchet in the forest, he has to swing his dan 男根 penis to show him the right direction to find it.

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高山市 Takayama 上宝町 Kamitakara

uma 馬 horse

At the waterfall 鼠餅の大滝 Nezumochi Otaki / 鼠餅瀧
Yamanokami comes often riding a horse and lets the horse walk around.
During that time people can hear the sound of the horse.

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吉城郡 Yoshiki district 坂下村 Sakashimo mura

The 9th day of the second lunar month is the 山の講 prayer day for Yamanokami. On this day Yamanokami goes out to plant seeds.
On the 9th day of the 10th lunar month he comes to count the trees.
On both of these days people are not allowed to cut any trees until 10 in the morning.
All the menfolk of the village gather at the 祠 sancturay for Yamanokami and make offerings of ritual Sake and ゴヘイモチ Goheimochi rice cakes.

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.......................................................................　Gunma 群馬県 .....

赤城山 Mount Akagiyama / Akagisan (Red Castle) is 1,828 m high.
The 赤城山の神 deity of Akagisan is a mukade ムカデ centipede.
Mount Akagi, along with Mount Myōgi and Mount Haruna, is one of the "Three Mountains of Jōmō" (上毛三山),
It comes with legends of its own, to be explored later.

. Akagisan, Akagiyama 赤城山と伝説 Legends about Mount Akagi .

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【怖い話】群馬県みなかみ町山の神の足音
The footsteps of Yamanokami
- a scary story told on YouTube.

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A town called
群馬県太田市山之神町 Yamanokamicho, Ota, Gunma

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In most parts of Gunma, the 8th day of January is the Day of Yamanokami and people are not allowed to do work in the mountain forests.

. Okojo オコジョ hort-tailed weasel, stoat or ferret. .
- messenger of Yamanokomi
碓氷郡 Usui district 松井田町 Matsuida // 利根郡 Tone district 片品町 Katashina

. Yamanokami and Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .
Yamanokami is seen as a Tengu in most regions of Gunma.
倉渕村 Kurabuchi / 南牧村 Nanmoku / 東町 Azumacho / 上野村 Uenomura / 片品村 Katashina / 松井田町 Matsuida

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甘楽郡 Kanra district 南牧村 Nanmoku

Yamanokami is seen as male and venerated together with
. jigami, jishin, chigami, chijin 地神 Kami of the Earth / the Land .

There is a shrine
Kaijo no Yamanokami Jinja 会場の山の神神社 Yamanokami of Kaijo
on the top of the pass from 秋畑 Akihata to 上日野 Kamihino.
Kaijo is the name of this place.

source : sukima.com/32_tomioka08...

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沼田市 Numata 利根町 Tone village

numa no nushi no tatari 沼の主の祟り curse of the lord of the pond
People younger than 16 years are not allowed to climb 赤城山 Mount Akagiyama.
If they do they will be cursed by Yamanokami and the lord of the pond, there will be a very strong rain and mist to make them loose their way, and they will not be able to find their way back.

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多野郡 Tano district 上野村 Ueno village

Yama no Kamisama no ki 山の神様の木 tree of Yamanokami
A woodcutter tried to cut a sacred tree, but was hit as it fell down and he died.
Another died while he tried to transport the tree down into the valley.

モロバンギ Morobashigi is another of the sacred trees of Yamanokami and not to be cut down.
If someone uses it as a pillar for a house, there will be death and illness every year without end.

Yamanokami was once venerated in a sanctuary close to the village at the foot of the mountain, but many got ill and it was brought back to the top of the mountain.

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利根郡 Tone district 片品村 Katashina

. Yamanokami and jūni sama 十二様 12 Juni Sama .
On the 12th day of each month Juni Sama is venerated.

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碓氷郡 Usui district 松井田町 Matsuida

Some say Yamanokami is a man, others say it is a woman. And others say they just do not know.
On his day each month on the 17th people are not allowed to cut trees in the forest.

yumihari ki ユミハリ木 -- madoki マド木 trees of Yamanokami
There are special trees with two trunks interwoven, they are sacred to Yamanokami.
He comes there to rest and they are not allowed to be cut down.
ユミハリ木やマド木(2本の立木の幹と幹とが交差しているのをいう)を、「山の神の遊び木だから伐るな」という。

Once a child got a coin stuck in its throat and they could not get it out!
"Let's pray to Yamanokami for help!" They went to the sanctuary of Yamanokami to pray. And oh wonder, from a far-away mountain, where a lumberjack had cut a sugi 杉 cedar tree, there came the spit flowing through the air, hitting the throat of the child and with this hit, the coin fell out and the child was saved.
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. umeboshi 梅干と伝説 Legends about dried pickled plums .
Yamanokami does not like Umeboshi, so people should not bring them to the mountain forest.

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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Ta no Kami Legends

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. kami　神　Shinto deities .
. Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain .
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Ta no Kami, Ta-no-Kami 田の神 Tanokami, God of the Fields -
Introduction and Legends
paddy field Kami, god of the rice paddies, spirit of the rice field, Kami of the rice paddy

Ta no Kami, God of the Rice Fields is an important deity of the rice farming communities.
It is usually seen as a female deity with one eye.
In Spring she comes down from the village mountain forest to the ta 田 rice fields to protect the harvest, hence the name Ta no Kami

In Autumn after the harvest, Ta no Kami goes back to the Satoyama mountain or forest behind the village to take a rest and collect strength for the next season..

Yama no Kami, God of the Mountain is the alter-ego of Ta no Kami after the harvest.
Yama here refers to the - - - . Satoyama 里山 "Village Mountain Forest" .

There are many stone monuments in his honor near the fields and at roadsides.
During festivals in his honor, the farmers hang paintings in their home or the local Shinto shrine to venerate this deity.

To understand Ta no Kami, it is important to know about the wet paddy culture of Japan.
The Japanese Emperor is embodying the god of the ripened rice plant.
. The Japanese Rice Culture .

The rice culture is related to divine animal messengers :
. Inari 稲荷 The Divine Fox Messenger .
- - - - - The deity venerated at Inari Shrines is Ukanomikami 宇迦之御魂神 / 倉稲魂神, the the spirit of rice.
. Ta no Kami and the ookami 狼 wolf connection .

Ta no Kami 土人形　clay bells and dolls
Ta no kami 掛け軸 scrolls and paintings

. Ta no Kami Matsuri 田の神祭 Tanokami festivals and rituals .

. Ta no Kami Mai 田神舞 / 田の神舞神楽 Tanokami dance and Kagura dance .

keshoogami 化粧神 Kami with make-up
sootai tanokami 双体田の神 two Tanokami (on one stone, painting etc.)

. Haiku and Kigo 俳句と季語 for Ta no Kami .

. Ta no Kami - Legends from Aichi to Yamanashi .

. Doosojin, Doososhin 道祖神 Wayside Gods .
They are usually represented as two stone figures, man and woman.

. Daikoku Ten 大黒天 the Deity Daikoku venerated as Ta no Kami .
He is portrayed holding a golden mallet, seated on bales of rice, with mice nearby (mice signify plentiful food).

. Ebisu Ten　恵比寿天 the Deity Ebisu venerated as Ta no Kami .

Ta no Kami is depicted holding phallic fertility symbols or a rice bowl and a
. shamoji しゃもじ / 杓文字 / shakuji 杓 ladle, rice paddle .
Shamoji are used to scoop rice out of the cooking pot. Also called "Rice Paddle", rice spoon, wood spatula, rice scoop.
meshige メシゲ in Kagoshima dialect.

. Ta no Kami - Reference, Books and Links - .

. Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain - Introduction .

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- - - - - Terminology - other names of Ta no Kami - - - - -

. inokami, i no kami 亥の神 Kami of the Boar .
- and inoko 亥の子 / イノコ the "young wild boar" legends
. jigami, jishin, chigami, chijin 地神 Kami of the Earth / the Land .
. koosaku no kamisama 耕作の神様 Kosaku no Kami, Deity of Cultivation .
nōgami, nooshin 農神　Nogami, farming Kami Nogami
. Sakugami 作神　Kami of production 作神様 Sakugami Sama .
. Shanichi Sama, Shajitsu Sama 社日様 "Shrine Day Kami" .
sanbai sama 三拝様 local Kami from the Setonaikai region
sojin 祖神　ancestral Kami
ta no kansaa 田の神さぁ　Ta no Kansa, dialect of Kagoshima
tsukurigami 作り神　Kami of making rice / see 作神 Sakugami
. ushigami 牛神　Kami of cattle .

- - - - - Another important deity for the fertility of the rice paddies is
. Mizu no Kamisama 水の神様 God of Water / 水神 Suijin .

- - - - - A personal deity for each villager
. ujigami 氏神 / ikke ujigami 一家氏神 .

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. Sai no kami, Sae no Kami 幸の神 Kami of Good Fortune . *

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- - - - - Ta no Kami - Introduction - - - - -

- quote -
Tanokami "Kami of the rice paddy,"
a tutelary of rice production. The general term ta no kami can be found nationwide, but regional variations exist in the specific names used to refer to the kami. Some include nōgami (farming kami) in the northeast, sakugami (kami of production) in Yamanashi and Nagano, and tsukurigami (kami of making) in the Kinki area. People in the Izumo region use the term i no kami (kami of the wild boar), while the term jigami (land kami) is used in the Inland Sea region, and ushigami (kami of cattle) in Kyushu.

The rice paddy kami has also undergone synthesis with Ebisu in eastern Japan, and with Daikoku in the west, leading to different cults from those of fishing and commerce normally associated with these two deities.

Festivals celebrating the kami of the rice paddy are ordinarily distributed between spring and autumn in accordance with the various stages of the agricultural process, but they are especially noteworthy around the time of spring rice transplanting, while additional rituals may be held at harvest. Examples of the former include observances called saori (greeting the rice-field kami) and sanaburi (or sanoburi, "sending off the rice-field kami"), while the latter include i no ko ("child of the boar") and tōkan'ya ("tenth night").
The cycle of spring and autumn festivals celebrating the rice paddy kami are seen nationwide, and appear to be linked to legendary concepts of identity between the rice paddy kami and the mountain kami (yama no kami) in those two seasons. Namely, in spring it is believed that the mountain kami descends from the mountain to the village, becoming the kami of the rice paddy, and in fall, the rice paddy kami leaves the field and returns to the mountain, where it becomes the mountain kami.
Certain differences exist in some regions, however. In the ritual called aenokoto of the Noto area, for example, the same kami circulates between rice paddy and the home, while in other examples, the deity is believed to remain in the field as a "guardian watch." The tradition of the "watch" kami is related to the legend that all the kami throughout Japan gather at the Izumo Shrine in the tenth lunar month (called kannazuki, or "month without kami"), while the "watch" kami alone remains behind to keep guard.

Since the time of folklorist Yanagita Kunio, the theory that the rice paddy god is actually an ancestral kami (sojin) has gained wide acceptance.
- source : Kokugakuin - Iwai Hiroshi -

This deity with one eye and one leg comes to the fields to protect them before the harvest, now in the form of a kakashi, with one leg and one eye.
Even the modern yellow plastic balloons with one black ring, which hang in the fields, are a modern version of this deity with one eye.

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- quote -
Tano Kami (田の神)
is a kami who is believed to observe the harvest of rice plants or to bring a good harvest, by Japanese farmers. Ta in Japanese means "rice fields". Tano Kami is also called Noshin (kami of agriculture) or kami of peasants. Tano Kami shares the kami of corn, the kami of water and the kami of defense,　especially the kami of agriculture associated with mountain faith and veneration of the dead (faith in the sorei). Tano Kami in Kagoshima Prefecture and parts of Miyazaki Prefecture is unique; farmers pray before Tano Kami stone statues in their communities.
- Agricultural kami
In Japan, there are agricultural deities or kami. In the Japanese documents, Nihon Shoki and Kojiki, there were kami of rice plants, Ukano Mitama, Toyouke Bimeno Kami, and kami of corns, Ootoshino Kami. （Of them, Toyouke Bimeno Kami was written also in Engishiki, and is considered to be a female kami.
Generally speaking, in the Tohoku area of Japan, agriculture-related kami is Nogami (agriculture kami), in the Koshin area, it is Sakugami, in the Kinki area, it is Tsukurigami, in the Tajima and Inaba areas, it is kami of i, i no kami 亥の神 (inoshishi, wild boar), (On the day of i 亥の日, the fields are struck; which is considered to give peace on the harvest ground). In the Chugoku and Shikoku areas, it is Sanbai Sama, in Setonaikai, it is the local kami. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Clay bell of Ta no Kami

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- quote -
... in a park in Ikebukuro in downtown Tokyo ...
This particular Suitengu is just a small local shrine in front of which stand four very unusual stone statues. Seen from the front, these stones depict stolid standing monks with grinning, almost mischievous faces. In their hands, they hold small bowls topped with steamed rice, and shamoji paddle-shaped rice ladles. Although the local people treat these stones as Dosojin guardians, they are actually Ta no Kami, rice paddy spirits that have somehow arrived here from southern Kyushu region.

The Ta no Kami cult is widespread throughout the country, and is at the heart of Japanese rural folk cosmology. The Japanese imbue rice with a sacred reverence and deep cultural significance that completely transcends the plant’s nutritional and economic value as a food grain. It was rice, first brought here from the Korean Peninsula nearly 3,000 years ago, that transformed Japan from a land of scattered hunter-gatherers to a great nation. Gohan, the basic word for cooked rice, is also a general term for food or a meal. Even today, the Japanese people, despite their insatiable appetite for bread and noodles, still think of themselves as rice eaters.

In most regions, the Ta no Kami are represented abstractly, with tree branches decorated with strips of paper, sometimes stuck into mounds of sand. In a restricted area of southern Kyushu, however, there is a tradition, dating back to at least the early 18th century, of carving unique stone representations, locally called Ta no Kansa. This tradition centers in Kagoshima Prefecture but includes a small portion of neighboring Miyazaki Prefecture as well.
- snip -
Yama no Kami reside in hills and forests all over Japan.
They can be thought of as basic animistic spirits mingled with the departed souls of the local ancestors, which are believed to eventually rise into the mountains. In many regions, these basic protective spirits inhabit the mountains during the winter months, but come spring they move down into the rice paddies, turning into the Ta no Kami and watching over the precious crop until the autumn harvest is over, after which they return to the forested slopes. In Kyushu, the Ta no Kansa stones are placed on the dikes that surround and separate the paddies, and the villagers hold colorful festivals to welcome and petition the Ta no Kami in spring, and to see them off with great thanks in autumn.
- source : Green Shinto 2012 -

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- quote -
Ta-no-kami: Water God of the rice paddy
Ta-no-kami: “Kami of the rice paddy,” a tutelary of rice production.
The general term ta no kami can be found nationwide. While the ta-no-kami has undergone synthesis and conflated with other folk beliefs and deities from other lineages, such as Daikoku and the Lord of the Mountain (Yama no Kami) and is now thought of as a male mountain spirit, it is plausible that the early Ta no kami was originally a female water goddess, given that such a goddess was venerated throughout Eurasia, and much of Central and Southeast Asia and given that the sound of “Ta” is similar to the “Da” shortened Indian form of the Danu / Dana / Dhanya goddess.
The Ta no kami
is depicted usually as an abstract deity or holding phallic symbols ...

- Continue reading in the :
. Darumapedia Library .

- source : japanesemythology.wordpress.com/ta-no-kami-god-of-the-rice-paddy -

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. Daikoku Ten 大黒天 .

A statue of Daikoku with Ta no Kami from Kagoshima in his back !

source : twitter.com/ikkaisai/status/

At 浜松市, 北区の光明寺 Komyo-Ji in Hamamatsu.

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- Reference : 田の神
- Reference : ta no kami japan

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

. . . . . fukidawara 蕗俵（ふきだわら）"butterbur barrels" as an offering to the God of the Fields

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. Yama no Kami, Yama-no-Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain .

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Yama no Kami 08 Regional

. yama-inu, yamainu　山犬、豺 "mountain dog" wolf legends Fukushima .

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Akagi Myojin 赤城明神 Kami from Mount Akagisan
赤城大明神　Akagi Daimyojin　
4 legends of its own

. 赤城と日光の戦い The fight of Akagi and Nikko .
the huge centipede from Akagi and the snake of Nikko.

. Akagi 赤城山の鬼と榛名山の鬼 Mount Akagi and mount Haruna Demon legends .
(tba)

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Bandai Myojin 磐梯明神 Kami from Mount Bandaisan

- source : Fukushima Furusato -
磐梯明神 Bandai Myojin shrine at the top of the mountain

. Tenaga Ashinaga 手長足長 "long arms, long legs" - monsters .
Once upon a time, there lived Tenaga and Ashinaga on Mount Bandaisan 磐梯山.

- quote -
Mount Bandai (磐梯山 Bandai-san) is a stratovolcano located in Inawashiro-town, Bandai-town, and Kitashiobara village, in Yama-Gun, Fukushima prefecture. It is an active stratovolcano located to the north of Lake Inawashiro. Mount Bandai, including the Bandai heights, belongs to the Bandai-Asahi National Park.
... Sacred Mountains
The Enichi Temple, located on the south-western foot of the Bandai Mountain, is surrounded by mountains where people come to worship; Mt. Bandai (north east to the temple), Mt. Mayadake (north to the temple), and Mt. Azuma (north to Mt. Bandai).
The temple has served a central role in mountain worship because of its location. The Enichi Temple was founded in 807 A.D., one year after Mt. Bandai erupted. Some people[who?] think that there is a connection between the eruption and the foundation of the Enichi Temple. Several routes for visiting Azumayama Shrine have been established, all originating from the main temple of the Enichi shrine.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Enichiji 慧日寺 / 恵日寺 Enichi-Ji .
磐梯町大字磐梯字本寺上4950
and priest Priest Tokuitsu 得一徳溢

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. Kawakami Onsen 川上温泉 legend .
磐梯町 Bandai Town / 磐梯村 Baidaimura

. Bandai Atami no hariko 磐梯熱海の張り子 papermachee dolls .

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Oyamazumi Jinja 大山祇神社
Okuboko-1445-2 Nozawa, 西会津町 Nishiaizu-machi, Yama-gun, Fukushima

大山神社 Oyama Jinja
Once a farmer was late on his way back from Oyama Jinja and it begun to become dark. He almost lost his way. As he said prayers for divine help, it became all light in front of his eyes and an old man with a white beard showed him the way.
When he followed the path as the old man had told him, he found his way back home!

- Homepage of the Shrine Oyamazumi Jinja
- reference source : ooyamazumi.net ... -

Behind the shrine is a sacred cave. If a couple goes in there, Yamanokami becomes jealous and very angry.

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The 17th day of every month is a day to honor Yamanokami and people are now allowed to go into the mountain forests.
Yamanokami counts the trees and gets angry if disturbed.

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A tree with two or three very large branches is sacred to Yamanokami and may not be cut down.
If someone tries to cut it, he will find divine punishment.
If they need to be cut down, wood cutters have to make an offering of shinshu 神酒 ritual sake rice wine and ask Yamanokami permission to cut this tree.

- More legends about the
. shinboku 神木, shinju　神樹　sacred tree, divine tree .

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If a woman has difficulties giving birth, someone has to lead a horse to the mountain to invite Yamanokami for help. If the horse stops on the way up to the mountain, this means the female Yamanokami has climbed on the horse and is now ready to go down to help.
On the way back if the first person they meet is a man, the baby will be a boy.

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Once a hunter met a woman deep in the mountain forest.
The hunter sensed that this was Yamanokami, who wanted him to stop killing.
So he stopped killing the forest animals and all other animals.

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At the sanctuary for Yamanokami at 四倉浜志津 pregnant women can borrow a special
morokoshi-booki もろこしぼうき maize broom to help with an easy birth (to wipe the child out of her body).
After giving birth, she has to bring it back with special offerings.

. Brooms originated in Shinto Rituals .
Many legends and tales about the broom are related to giving birth.

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会津郡 Aizu district

Yamanokami is called
yoru no hime sama ヨルヒメサマ "princess of the night"

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福島市 Fukushima city

Yamanokami 山の神
An old man living in 屶振 Nataburi forgot to bring an offering to Yamanokami on the 17th day of the 10th lunar month. Next time when he wanted to go to the top of the mountain there came a wolf jumping at him and preventing him from going on. So he went down to a boulder in the valley and made his offering there, begging Yamanokami for forgiveness. This stone is there to our day.

Offering aburage アブラゲ fried tofu to Yamanokami makes him happy and the food is gone by next morning.

If someone experiences a calamity in the mountains, it is said to be the punishment of Yamanokami.

If there is a boulder having fallen down and making a road impassable, a prayer to Yamanokami will help to move the stone.

On the first day of the New Year and the 17th day of the second and tenth lunar month people are not allowed to go into the mountain forest. These are the days when the female Yamanokami comes down to the village. The 17th day of the second lunar month is the date for 山の神の祭日 the Yamanokami festival.

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. Yamanokami and Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin legends .

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福島市 Fukushima city 飯坂町 Iizaka

While walking and working in the mountain forest, it is not allowed to sing or recite サンサしぐれ / さんさ時雨 the Sansa Shigure, a folk song from Miyagi, dating back to 1589 and the warlord 伊達政宗 Date Masamune.
One must also try not to cough.

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Yamanokami no tomari ki 山の神の止まり木
A tree with three trunks at the top of the mountain is sacred to Yamanokami and is never cut down. Yamanokami likes to sit and rest on this tree.
Once a man from 南郷村 Nango village tried to cut such a tree, but died as the tree fell heavily on him.

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石川郡 Ishikawa district 平田村 Hirata

Once a man wanted to make charcoal, but his ax fell down every time he tried to cut a tree. This was the doing of Yamanokami.
Another man begun to sing while making charcoal, but was told by Yamanokami to stop because he had made an error.
Yamanokami if fond of folk songs, so people should not sing while working in the forest.

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いわき市 Iwaki town

On the first day of the 10th lunar month, all the Kami take off to 出雲 Izumo to have a rest and celebrate. This is called
kantachibi カンタチビ in the local dialect.
In the Iwaki region however, Kamadogami 竈神 the Kami of the kitchen hearth and Ebisu 恵比寿神 stay back where they always are.

. kannazuki, kaminazuki 神無月かんなづき "gods-absent month" .

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石城郡 Iwaki district / いわき市 / 田人村 / 田人町 Tabito village

If Yamanokami rides a horse, the poor animal will sweat very very much.

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nihon tsuno no aru hebi 二本角のある蛇 serpent with two horns
Just a few years ago, from under a rock in the shrine for Yamanokami there came a serpent with two horns.
This must be the messenger of Yamanokami! It was placed in alcohol and can be seen to our day.

ツノクサリヘビ / 角鎖蛇 Tsuno kusari hebi

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郡山市 Koriyama 湖南町 Konanmachi

Takaiharayama no kamisama 高井原山の神様
Once there was a war. The Kami from Takaiharayama came flying to help. But he bumped into the rock エボシ石 Eboshi Ishi and cut his habaki はばき leg protection and thus could not go.
So the villagers built the shrine 高井神社 Takai Jinja and made offerings to these leg protections.

Mount Takaiharayama / Takaibarayama, 981 (969) m high.

高井神社 Takai Jinja
Kōriyama-shi, Konanmachi Miyo, Teranomae / 福島県郡山市湖南町三代寺ノ前

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南会津郡 Minami-Aizu district

. juuniyamagami 十二山神 Juni Yamagami .
Juni Yamagami is seen as husband and wife.

In Hinoemata village, hunters have to make ablutions with cold water and say prayers to the 十二様 Juni-Sama deities every morning before leaving their mountain huts.

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南会津郡 Minami-Aizu district 檜枝岐村 Hinoemata

Yamanokami koo 山の神講 prayer group for Yamanokami
All the menfolk from 18 to about 30 years take part in this group. Twice a year in Spring and Autumn, they gather at the home of the village head, bring food offerings, hang a scroll of Yamanokami and burn lights until the next morning. They eat rice cakes and drink a lot of sake 酒 rice wine.

If there has been a misfortune in the village, they have to start all the rituals again
matsuri naoshi まつりなおし .
The hunterns and tree cutters have to go down to the village to take part in the new rituals. Sometimes they bring a head or breast bones of a bear as offerings. In that case the heart of the bear is shared as a special food treat with Yamanokami at his festival, matsuri no sakana 祭りの肴.
Sometimes the liver is also eaten as an offering.
The kidneys and breast meat is put on sticks, grilled and eaten. This is called
Yamanokami no shishi 山の神のしし.

- - - - -

kijiya 木地屋 wood workers making tools and toya are called やまうど（山人）yamaudo, yama-udo "mountain people". They celebrate in their prayer group on the first day of the New Year and the tenth month, each time in a different home of the members. They also have a feast. In former times women were not allowed to join the groups, but recently they may come and help with the cooking and kitchen work.
Before going to work, day pray to Yamanokami, まつりたて Matsuritate.
They also make mochi 餅 rice cakes and grill them on sticks, putting miso paste on them to eat.

At the kariba 狩場 hunting place, hunters have to venerate Yamanokami on three days:
first day はつこば　hatsu koba
third day みっかのさび mikka no sabi
seventh day 七日さび nanoka sabi

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ooshida no ki おおしだの木 huge Shida fern tree
Branches of this tree are cut and used as ritual wands for the festival of Yamanokami at the hunter's place.

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oo-oni 大鬼 huge Oni Demon
At a flat place named 五十人小屋場 "a hut for 50 people" in the mountain forest, hunters erected a hut. At night a strange monster with three nails begun to scratch at the hut. The leader of the hunters made ablutions in water and prayed to Yamanokami. Thus the monster left.
The next morning at the well there was a huge monster with a very large head, as huge as a large cooking pot.
The leader felt he had not enough power to cope with this, renounced to be leader and left for the valley. The others also voted to go down with him.
On the way down they met a mother with her child, trying to climb up. They asked her to stay away from the mountian, but she refused and went up, never to be seen again.

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サルマ Saruma and アラバ Araba
Once the ancestors of two hunter families, サルマ Saruma and アラバ Araba were in the mountains hunting bears when they witnessed the female Yamanokami giving birth.
The Araba hunters left the place soon and did not help.
The Saruma hunters made a ritual wand with the Sakaki tree branch to purify the place.
The Araba later ate the meat of the bear, but all died.

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. okoze 虎魚 / オコゼ stonefish offerings for Yamanokami .

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南会津郡 Minami-Aizu district 南郷村 Nango village

Yamanokami is seen as female.
.
Once a mother went to a diviner, because her young son was very ill.
The shaman told her she should pray to the Yamanokami of mount 大宮鉱山 Omiya Kozan, which had been a mine, closed about 40 years ago.
The mother did as told and her son got well, could graduate from school and find a job.

- reference source : ja7fyg.sakura.ne.jp/kouzan... -

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相馬市 Soma town

. Hayama Jinja 葉山神社 Hayama Shrine .
shintaku 神託 oracles, divination / 黒沼神社 Kuronuma Jinja, Matsukawa, Kanezawa

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oonyuudoo 大入道 Onyudo monster
Oncxe an Onyudo monster sat high in an old Japanese oak acorn tree (nara 楢),
A farmer shot at it with a gun. At the first shot he had no hit. After a few more shots he also did not have the feeling of a hit.
He asked a hooin 法印 Buddhist priest for advise. He told him the Onyudo was maybe attracted by Yamanokami.

. Oonyuudoo 大入道 O-Nyudo Monster - Introduction .

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耶麻郡 Yama district 高郷村 Takasato mura

miko ミコ shrine maiden
Once in a family in 西羽賀 Nishi-Haga their child fell from the river bank and died.
They asked a shrine maiden for an oracle to find the reason why this happened.
Part of their farm land was a place where Yamanokami used to be venerated. Since they had not gone there to pray, this was his punishment.
Since then every year on the 19th day of the 9th lunar month, they go praying at this place.

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A hoo no ki 朴の木 Magnolia hypoleuca tree with three trunks is sacred to Yamanokami and is not to be cut down.
Other large Magnolia trees of this kind are also sacred to him, If they need to be cut down, wood cutters have to make an offering of shinshu 神酒 ritual rice wine and ask Yamanokami permission to cut this tree.

. shinboku 神木, shinju　神樹　sacred tree, divine tree .

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- reference source : nichibun yokai database -

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. Legends about Yamanokami 山の神と伝説　.

from Gifu 岐阜県 to 山梨県 Yamanashi - will be updated.

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. Yama no Kami 山の神 - Table of Contents - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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sangaku shinkoo　山岳信仰 religion of the High Mountains is a different matter.

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja　神社) - Introduction .

. kami　神　Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .

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